Torulinium. | CLVI. CYPERACEE (CLARKE). 403 
persistent glume) holding tight the nut; otherwise as JMariscus.— 
Cyperus, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 1043, partly. 
Species 8, viz., 7 in Tropical America and the subjoined in the Tropics of both 
hemispheres. 
The 8 species of Torulinium form a very closely-allied group, separated by 
an absolute character from all other Cypere@; and may be arranged as a distinct 
genus, or as a subgenus of Mariscus, 
1. T. confertum, Hamilt. Prod. Ind. Occid. 1825, 15. Glabrous, 
medium-sized to very large. Stolons 0, Stem 1-4 ft. high, at the top 
trigonous or triquetrous, smooth or somewhat rough. Leaves often ? 
the length of the stem, } in. broad. Umbel compound, 4-6 in. in 
diam. (but scmetimes very large, sometimes condensed into 1 head); 
bracts long, similar to the leaves. Axis of a spike often 2 in. long, 
with 20 rectangularly spreading spikelets. Spikelets 4 by 4}, in., 
yellowish to brown, terete, with 4—16 (usually 6-7) nuts; rhachilla 
wavy. Glumes elliptic, obtuse, 7-ribbed, not keeled, ultimately 
adpressed-erect or rigidly spreading. Nut } the length of the glume, 
oblong or somewhat obovoid, trigonous, black. Style 4 the length of 
the nut; branches 3, linear.—Urban, Symb. Antill. ii, 53. 7. Serox, 
Kunth, Enum. ii. 90 in citation. Cyperus odoratus, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. 
46 as to the plate of Sloane cited only, not of ed. ii. 68, nor of Linn. 
herb. propr.; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 67. C. ferazx, L. ©. Rich, in 
Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, i. (1792) 106; Kunth, Enum. ii. 89 ; Boeck. 
In Linnea, xxxvi. 399 ; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. 1. 142 ; 
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 123. C. rhaphiostachys, Kunth, 
Enum. ii. 68; Boeck. in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 541, and in 
Linnea, xxxvi. 352. C. pseudostrigosus, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. rhe: 46. 
C. consocius, Steud. ex Jardin in Mém. Soc. Se. Nat. Cherb. iv. (1856) 
H, and v. (1857) 299. Mariscus ferax, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. 
Brit. Ind. vi. 624, and in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 587 ; 
Rendle in Cat. Afr, Pl. Welw. ii. 120. 
Upper Guinea. Lagos: Ebute Metta, Millen, 11! 
Lower Guinea. Princes Island, Welwitsch, 7033! Newton, 7! Angola: Icolo 
e Bengo ; margin of Lake Quilunda, Welwitsch, 7052! Huilia; near Monino, 
Welwitsch, 6880! 
Mozamb. Dist. Common on the Zambesi, ex Boeckeler. 
Throughout the Tropics, abundant in Oceania and America. 
I unite the names above cited under one widespread and variable species. This 
being done, the present plant has 71 published names, besides a large number of 
“MS.” names published in citations without descriptions. 
7. COURTOISIA, Nees; Benth. et Hook, f. Gen. Pl. iii. 1046. 
Spikelets compressed, 1—10-flowered, disarticulating in one piece above 
the two lowest empty glumes. Fertile glumes a ee 
narrowly winged on the keel. Style 3-fid, persistent. edema wck 
oblong, trigonous.—Glabrous annuals. Stems naked, i.e. bearing all the 
