456 CLYI, CYPERACEH (CLARKE). | Scirpus. 
Leaves several, often as long as the stem, }-} in. broad. Umbel com- 
pound or simple or reduced to a head of 3-1 spikelets; rarely exceeding 
4-6 in. in diam. ; bracts several, similar to the leaves, the lowest often 
4-8 in. long. Spikelets 3-40 to the umbel, }—1 by 1 in., dark brown, 
often clustered. Glumes ovate, at the tip emarginate and hairy, keel 
excurrent in a mucro. Hypogynous bristles 6-3, usually shorter than 
the nut, stiff, retrorsely scabrid, sometimes hardly any. Style long; 
branches 3 or 2, long. Nut varying much in size, unequally trigonous 
or flattened, obovoid, black, smvoth or minutely reticulate.—Sowerby, 
Engl. Bot. t. 542; Kunth, Enum. ii. 167; Benth. in Hook, Niger 
Fl. 553; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 722; Coss. et Durieu, Expl. Se. 
Algér. Glum. 237; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii, 198, 
incl. vars.; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 658, in Durand 
& Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 626, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. 
iii, 32, and in Dyer, Fl. Cap. vii. 232; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost- 
Afr, C. 126; Rendle in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 127, incl. var. nobilis. 
S. corymbosus, Forsk. Fl. Aagypt.-Arab. 14, not of Roth. S. sguarro- 
sulus, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 88. Jsolepis grandispica, Steud. Syn. 
Pl. Glum. ii. 318. 
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger! Perrottet, 318! Senegambia, Leprieur! 
Mile Land. Somaliland, Keller, 92 bis! 93! 94! 98! 
Lower Guinea. Angola: Congo; near Quizembo, Welwitsch, 6992! 
7003! Ivolo e Bengo; near Funda, Welwitsch, 6980! 7011! Mossamedes ; in cotton- 
fields, Welwitsch, 6972! near Giraul, Welwitsch, 6974! banks of the River 
Maiombo, Welwitsch, 6975! 
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; ex K. Schumann ! Portu- 
guese East Africa: Mozambique, Forbes! Chiloane, Scott! British Central Africa : 
Nyasaland ; Shire Valley, near Mankokone, Kirk ! Meller ! Boruma, on the Zambesi, 
Menyharth, 534! 
_ Including the forms esteemed varieties by Boeckeler and Bentham, this species 
is abundant over all warm temperate and cool regions. 
18. S. leteflorens, C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. 
Fl. Afr. v. 625, Stem very stout, at the top triquetrous, scabrid on 
the angles. Leaves very scabrid on the margins. Umbel 3-4 times 
divided, 10 in. in diam., with 200 spikelets. Spikelets a pale bright 
cinnamon-brown, the glumes glistening all over with golden hairs : 
otherwise as very large S. maritimus.—C. B. Clarke in Bull. Herb. 
Boiss. iv. Append. iii. 32. 
Lower Guinea. South-west Africa, Chapman & Baines ! Hereroland, Fleck, 
1124! 
19. S. littoralis, Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 142, t. 5, fig. 7- s ospigeat 
except the glumes. Rhizome short, or sometimes elongate, slender 10 
the plant. Stems 14-3 ft. long, approximate, at the base 4-4 ae 
diam., terete, at the top triquetrous, trigonous or nearly round. ae 
usually 3-2 in. long, membranous, sometimes green, up to ree :, 
Umbel compound, with numerous, mostly pedicelled, spikelets 5 nine 
bract 3-3 in. long, as though a continuation of the stem. Spike by 
4-2 by } in., subcylindric. Glumes ovate, obtuse, emarginate, TUS y 
