Cladium. | CLVI, CYPERACEE (CLARKE). 485 
long, obovoid, the cavity continued up the style-base.—C. B. Clarke in 
Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 665; Urban, Symb. Auntill. ii. 134. 
C. germanicum, Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 75, t. 5, fig. 7. C. Mariscus, R. 
Br. Prod. 236 ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 303; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 232; 
Coss. & Durieu, Expl. Scient. Algér. Glum. 240; Balfour in Trans. Roy. 
Soc. Edin, xxxi. 308; Dyer, Fl. Cap. vii. 291. Schenus Mariscus, 
Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 62; Sowerby, Engl. Bot. t. 950. 
Upper Guinea. Cape Verd Isles, Vogel, 26! Bolle. 
Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 321! Buchner, 152! 
Scattered through nearly all warm and warm-temperate regions. 
20. TETRARIA, Beauv. in Mém. Inst. Frang. 1812 (1816) ii. 
09-00. 
_ Spikelets 2-flowered, the lower flower male or with an imperfect 
pistil not maturing a nut, the upper perfect fertile. Glumes sub- 
distichous, 5-12; the lowest 3-6 empty, the uppermost reduced. 
Hypogynous bristles various, or 0. Style linear, branches 3 (or 4) or 
6 (or 8), long ; base dilated, continuous, Nut small, obovoid, 3- (or 4-) 
gonous, crowned or almost beaked by the style.—Plants of varied habit. 
Inflorescence usually a narrow panicle, sometimes reduced nearly toa 
head, never umbellate.—Zlynanthus, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iit. 
1063, not of Beauv. 
Species 32, endemic in South Africa, one species also in Usambara, 
1. T. circinalis, C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. 
4fr.v. 659. Glabrous. Rhizome slender, horizontal. Stems tufted 
3-10 in. long, with nodes (bearing leaves or bracts) throughout their 
length. Leaves often as long as the stem, j4,-} in. broad; basal- 
sheaths brown or reddish, often fimbriate. Panicle 2-6 by $-1} in., 
With 15-60 spikelets, often rather dense. Spikelets } by } in., cylindric, 
brown. Lower empty glumes 6, hardly acute. Hypogynous bristles 
3-4, shorter than the nut, scabrous. Stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, 
crested. Style 3-branched. Nut (not seen ripe) small, obovoid, 
trigonous ; style-base depressed-hemispheric, confluent with the top of 
the ovary, minutely scabrous.—C. B. Clarke in Dyer, Fl. Cap. vil. 283. 
?. usambarensis, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. v. 128. Schenus 
Cireinalis, Schrad. in Roem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. ii, Mant. 43. 
Chetospora circinalis, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 31, t. 3, fig. 2; Kunth, 
Num. ii, 324, 
Mozamb. Dist. 
Also in South Africa. 
German East Africa : Usambara, Holst, 131! 
21. REMIREA, Aubl.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 1058. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, densely spicate on digitate spikes. Glumes 
4 to the spikelet, imbricated on all sides, the perfect flower pseudo- 
