514 CLVI. CYPERACEE (CLARKE). [ Carex. 
27. CAREX, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 1073. 
Spikelets unisexual, female 1-flowered, male (at least in appearance) 
many-flowered ; female arranged in spikes, male often solitary. Female 
flower consisting of a pistil only, completely enclosed in a utricle (a 
bottle-like sac), really the bract to a branch of the axis; within this 
utricle is sometimes a bristle as long as the utricle representing the 
axis which the utricle subtends. Stamens 3-1; anthers linear-oblong. 
Style-branches 3 or 2. Nut trigonous or flattened.— Perennial herbs; 
leaves grass-like. 
Species 1400, scattered throughout the World, from the Arctic Circle to the 
Southern limits of Phaencgams ; mostly in moist places. 
*“VIGNEA.—Styles 2-branched. 
+Capituligere. Stem with 1 spike. 
Stem triquetrous; beak linear, 4-4 the length of 
the utricle . : : : : : . 1. C. monostachya. 
Stem subterete, striate; beak linear, hardly + the 
length of the utricle : : : : 
+tMuricate. Panicle dense, of many ovoid spikes 
female at the base, some male at the top. 
Utricle nerveless on the plane face, obscurely 2-3- 
nerved on the convex face. 
Utricle ovoid-triangular, beak triangular or hardly 
any 3 s : 5 : : : 
Utricle ellipsoid, acuminated into a lanceolate- 
linear beak . : : : : : . 4. C. leptosaccus. 
Utricle with 5-9 nerves on the convex face. 
Utricle } in. long, long-lanceolate, attenuate at both 
ends . - > i 2 ‘ . 5. OC. Koestlini, 
Utricle 4 in. long, ovoid-lanceolate, subsessile. 
Leaves } in. broad ; utricle with 7 strong ribs 
on the convex face . : ; : . 6. C. erythrorrhiza. 
Leaves 3 in. broad; utricle with 7 nerves on the 
convex face 
““CAREX.—Styles 3-branched. 
tSpikes (many of them) female at the base, male at 
the top; panicle long. 
Spikes ovoid or oblong, 3 in. loug or less (except in 
C. Steudneri), numerous, usually very numerous. 
Utricle glabrous. Partial panicles oblong (or in 
C. leptocladus obscurely pyramidal), 
Beak much shorter than the body of the utricle. 
Leaves ;4—4 in. broad ; panicle thin, utricle 
qs in. long A 3 c : : 
Leaves 4 in. broad; panicle rather copious ; 
utricle ;1, in. long ¢ : : : 
Leaves }-4 in. broad; panicle rather copious ; 
utricle 3-4 in. long 5 : . 10. C. nyasensis. 
Beak nearly as long as the body of the utricle. 
Panicle-brauches firm ; utricle + in. long, firm 11. C. chlorosaccus. 
Panicle-branches capillary; utricle 3-4 in. 
long, delicate : . 12. C. leptocladus. 
2. C. runssoroensis. 
3. C. conferta. 
con 
C. Lycurus. 
8. C. schimperiana. 
9. C. echinochloe. 
