22 XCV. ASCLEPIADEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cynanchum. 
gate, moderately ventricose, smooth (in C. corymbosum densely clothed with 
soft spines).' Seeds comose.—DistR1B. Species about 100; tropical and tem- 
perate. 
I cannot retain Vincetoxicum as distinct from Cynanchum; the presence or 
absence of processes or scales within the corona affords no character (see C. acutum). 
The corona itself affords very inconstant characters even for many of the species. 
* Stem erect. Corona simple, 5-lobed or -partite, lobes without internal 
processes. 
1. C. Vincetoxicum, Pers; pubescent or glabrate, leaves broadly 
cordate or ovate acute, cymes sessile or peduncled, flowers corymbose or pani- 
culate, corolla yellow, segments glabrous or nearly so, coronal-lobes triangular 
oblong or rounded. C. Kenouriense, Wight Contrib. 58. Vincetoxicum 
officinale, Moench; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 54; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 524. 
V. Kenouriense, Dene. l.c. 525. Asclepias Vincetoxicum, Linn. 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft.—Duisrris. 
Westwards to Norway and Spain. 
Stem 6-10 in., and leaves beneath usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous; leaves 
broader, greener, shorter petioled and less coriaceous than in the two following species. 
The coronal-lobes are very variable indeed. 
2. C. glaucum, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 58; erect, hoary or puberu- 
lous pale or glaucous, leaves ovate oblong lanceolate or cordate, cymes usually 
sessile, flowers umbelled, corolla yellow segments hirsute or bearded within, 
coronal-lobes 5 rounded broader than long fleshy. Wall. Cat. 8229. Vince- 
toxicum canescens, Dene. in DC. Prodr. vii. 523; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 52. 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Nepal Westwards, alt. 5-9000 ft. WESTERN TIBET, 
alt. 10-12,000 ft.—Distris. Afghanistan and westward to the Greek Archipelago. 
Stem 6-18 in., erect, flexuous; rootstock with dense fascicles of roots as in C. 
Vincetoxicum. Leaves 1-3 by 13-23 in., extremely variable in leogth and breadth, 
coriaceous, acute acuminate or apiculate, nerves very oblique; petiole 1—3 in. Cymes 
pubescent, few or many-fid.; pedicels short. Corolla à in. diam., very variable in 
size, segments subacute.  Coronal-lobes variable. follicles 2-4 in., slender. Seds 
4-4 in. long, broadly ovoid, concavo-convex.— Boissier says that C. glaucum differs 
from canescens in the narrower leaves, few-fld. cymes, and smaller corolla with ovate 
segments, but none of these characters hold good. In some Tibetan specimens the 
coronal-lobes are narrow, and the filaments form a rather long column. 
3. C. Arnottianum, Wiyht Contrib. 58; erect, puberulous or hoary, 
leaves ovate oblong or lanceolate, cymes sessile, corolla dark purple, segments 
hirsute or bearded within, coronal-lobes 5 fleshy oblong or rounded. Vince- 
toxicum Arnottianum, Wight Ic. t. 1614 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 593; Boiss. 
Fi. Orient. iv. 52. V. montanum, Dene. l. c. 525. V. luridum. Stocks mss. 
Western Himataya; Kashmir, alt. 6-8000 ft., Royle, &c.—DisrRim. Belu- 
chistan. 
Habit and foliage of C. glaucum, with the leaves sometimes whorled, and smaller 
dark purple flowers. I suspect that it is only a variety of that plant, and both of 
C. Vincetoxicum. 
** Stem twining. Corolla glabrous. Corona without internal processes. 
+ Peduncle of cyme short. 
,4 C. ovalifolium, Wight Contrib. 57; twining, glabrous, leaves 
elliptic or oblong acuminate base rounded or subacute, peduncles short, flowers 
racemose or panicled, corona short irregularly toothed, teeth often curved. 
