404 CIX. ACANTHACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) [Cardanthera. 
In drying-up rice-swamps, S. MADRAS; frequent. CEYLON; Walker. SIKKIM 
Terral; Herb. Griffith. . 
Annual, 1-13 ft., erect or decumbent, branching from the base. Leaves 1 by jin. 
glabrous or subpubescent. Spikes 1-3 in., scarcely interrupted at the base even in 
fruit; bracts } in., from elliptic to cordate, glabrous or puberulous ; bracteoles 4 in., 
obovate or elliptic. Sepals } in., linear, pubescent. Corolla j in., puberulous. 
Anthers of the posterior stamens half as large as of the anterior. Capsule 3 in., 
minutely pilose upwards.—Much confused by the older botanists with the universal 
Hygrophila polysperma, to which I suspect Miquel's Javanese C. uliginosa should be 
referred. 
tt Whorls or spikes axillary; fruiting interrupted at the base. 
2. C. Griffithii, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 1074; leaves spathulate oblong 
or elliptic crenulate pubescent, spikes terminal interrupted at the base in 
fruit, corolla 1 in. Adenosma Griffithii, Z. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 
xi. 454. 
UPPER Assam; Suddiya, Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6087).—DisTris. N. Burma. 
Annual, decumbent, rooting; branches 1 foot, pubescent. Leaves 1} by å m., 
subpetioled, obtuse; on the barren shoots smaller, broader. Spikes 1-4 in., pubescent, 
axillary and forming terminal panicles ; lower bracts distant (at least in fruit), leaf-like, 
often containing 2-3 flowers; proper bract i by in., elliptic; bracteoles j n» 
narrowly oblong. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Corolla purple, puberulous, Anthers of 
the posterior stamens smaller than those of the anterior. Ovary nearly glabrous, a 
few gland-tipped hairs about its apex. Capsule } in, 
3. C. balsamica, Benth. in Gen. PI. ii. 1074; branches glabrous 
upwards, leaves petioled oblong crenate, flowers mostly in axillary whorls, 
sepals longer than the bracts linear-lanceolate one larger than the others. 
Ruellia balsamica, Linn. f. Suppl. 289. Adenosma balsamea, Spreng. Syst. 
ii. 829; Wall. Cat. 9082; Wight Ic. t. 446; Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 68; 
T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 454. 
S, DECCAN PENINSULA and CEYLON; in rice-swamps, frequent. 
Annual, decumbent or erect, branches 6-15 in,; glabrous, or the inflorescence 
puberulous; lineolate with raphides. Leaves 2 by £ in., obtuse, base attenuate; 
petiole } in.; lower leaves sometimes pectinate or pinnatifid. Whorls usually 
numerous, distinct ; flowers 1-5-nate; bract 11 in, obovate or elliptic ; bracteoles 
similar, but smaller, in crowded whorls, often suppressed, Sepals } in., not widened 
upwards. Corolla $ in., nearly glabrous. Anthers of the posterior stamens smaller 
than the anterior. Capsule nearly 3 in., puberulous upwards. 
Var. Thymus; leaves 3 in., corolla } in., capsule scarcely 4 in. Adenosma 
Thymus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 79, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 69, excl. syn. ; 
T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc.ix. 454. Ruellia cernua, Heyne; Wall. Cat. 2380 
(part of letter B only) not of Roxb.—Deccan Peninsula, Heyne. Nees and T. 
Anderson place this next C. triflora, Ham., from which Nees carefully distinguishes it ; 
the example is almost certainly a starved specimen of C. balsamica. 
4. C. verticillata, Benth. in. Gen. Pl. ii. 1074; branches pubescent 
upwards, leaves often petioled oblong or elliptie crenate, flowers mostly 1u 
axillary whorls, sepals longer than the bracts linear-spathulate. Ruellia 
verticillata, Wall. Cat. 2409. Adenosma verticillata, Nees in Wall. Pl. 
As. Rar, iii. 79, and in DC, Prodr. xi. 69; Wight Ic. t.1524; T. Anders. in 
Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 454. 
Deccan PENINSULA; Carnatic, Heyne, Wight; Concan, Stocks, &c. CEYLON ; 
Thwaites. 
Leaves often somewhat pubescent, especially on the midrib beneath. Inflorescence 
