406 CIX. ACANTHACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cardanthera. 
Annual, 6-12 in., erect, branched, viscid. Leaves 1-1} in., obtuse, base much 
attenuate or petioled. Flowers very numerous ; cymes dichasial, going off into sym- 
podes; upper branches of the cyme in appearance scorpioid with distant flowers, i. e. 
at each bifurcation one branch with one flower is suppressed; bracts } to ġ in., ovate 
or elliptic; bracteoles small or 0. Sepals } in., linear, unequal. Corolla i in. 
puberulous ; lobes twisted to the left; palate not transversely plicate. Anthers sub- 
quadrate ; posterior stamens reduced to filaments. Ovary glabrous, tip glandular- 
hairy; style sparsely hairy. Capsule }in., bearing seeds from the base. Seeds 40-60, 
ovoid, slightly compressed, the white fine hairs starting out on all sides. when 
moistened ; retinacula conical, slightly curved, scarcely hardened.— Possibly a distinct 
‘genus, resembling Brillantaisia except that it is the posterior stamens that are imper- 
fect in this. 
VII. HYGROPHILA, Br. 
Herbs, (in H. spinosa) spinescent. Leaves opposite, lanceolate or obovate, 
entire. Flowers sessile, in terminal heads or in axillary whorls; bracts 
elliptic or lanceolate; bracteoles oblong or lanceolate, shorter than the 
calyx. Calyx tubular, 5-fid (or in H. spinosa 4-partite) ; teeth lanceolate or 
linear, Corolla blueish-purple, nearly glabrous ; tube ventricose at the apex; 
limb deeply 2-lipped, oblong, straight. Stamens didynamous, posterior 
similar to the anterior, or smaller, or rudimentary, filaments glabrous ; 
anthers oblong, cells equal, divaricate or connate at the base. Ovary oblong, 
tip hairy; style long hairy, stigma simple linear. Capsule linear or 
narrowly oblong, bearing seeds from the base, 40-100-seeded, or in H. spi- 
nosa 2-8-seeded. Seeds ovoid, compressed, elastically white-hairy when 
wetted; retinacula hardened, curved and acute.—Species 18, tropical and 
subtropical. 
Subgenus. Euhygrophila. Unarmed. Calyx 5-toothed. Capsule 
with 8-100 minute seeds. 
* Spikes terminal. 
1. H. polysperma, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 456; small, 
procumbent, leaves oblong or ovate nearly entire glabrous or puberulous, 
spikes terminal dense oblong or linear, fertile stamens 2. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 
iv. 519. Justicia polysperma, Kob. Hort. Beng. 3, and Fl. Ind. i 119; 
Wall. Cat. 2483. Ruellia uliginosa, Wall. Cat. 2378, partly. Hemiadel- 
phis polysperma, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 80, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 
80 (excl. syn. Roth); Wight IU. t. 164 b, fig. 3, and Ic. t. 1492; Grif. 
Notul. iv. 135. 
Throughout INDIA in wet places, alt. 0-5000 ft., from the Punjab and Bhotan to 
the S. Deccan and Malacca.—Distris. Cabul. 
Annual, 6-18 in., branching and rooting. Leaves 4-14 in., from narrowly oblong 
to ovate, base spathulate or petioled. Spikes 1-5 in., somewhat pubescent ; bracts 
4—3 in. broadly elliptic, imbricate ; bracteoles } in., lanceolate. Sepals } in., lincar, 
hairy. Corolla } in., slender, pubescent, pale blue or white. Anthers oblong, cells 
slightly divaricate at the base; posterior stamens reduced to teeth. Ovary hairy at 
the apex. Capsule 4-} in.; seeds 20-32. The examples from Tenasserim and 
Malacca are larger and more glabrous; the capsules 4 in. 
2. H. Serpyllum, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 456; procum- 
bent, leaves small short-petioled ovate or oblong hairy, spikes ovate or 
shortly oblong, anthers of the posterior stamens half as long as of the 
anterior. Ruellia polysperma, Roth Nov. Sp. 305. Adenosma polysperma, 
Spreng. Syst. ii. S29. Physichilus Serpyllum, Nees in Hook. Comp. Bot. 
