410 CIX. ACANTHACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Nomaphila. 
Lamk. Ill. i. 40 (referred here by Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 722), is an American plant 
of another genus. 
IX. CALOPHANES, D. Don. 
Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, petioled, entire. Flowers in axillary 
clusters or short cymes; bracts and bracteoles narrow. Calyx tubular; 
teeth 5, subequal, lanceolate or subulate. Corolla tubular, mouth obscurely 
2-lipped; lobes 5, obtuse, twisted to the left in bud, patent in Hower. Sta- 
mens 4, perfect, didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy; anthers similar, 
2-celled ; cells oblong, parallel, base minutely mucronate or spurred. Ovary 
glabrous, shortly stalked ; ovules 2 in each cell; style linear, hairy, stigma 
simple linear. Capsule oblong, base for a short space narrowed solid. 
Seeds 4, orbicular, much compressed, densely elastically white-hairy when 
Wetted ; retinacula strong, curved.—Species 30, in S.E. Asia, Africa and 
merica. 
* Pedicels hardly any, flowers axillary 2-8 together or solitary. 
l. C. Nagchana, Nees in DC. Prodr, xi. 109; prostrate, glabrous or 
hoary, leaves spathulate-elliptie or obovate, flowers clustered, bracteoles 
small linear, calyx-teeth longer than the tube, filaments glabrous, anther- 
cells mucronate. C. depressa, T. Anders, in Thwaites Enum. 225, and in 
Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 459. Ruellia Nagchana, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2396. 
R. erecta, Burm. FI. Ind. 135, t. 41, fig. 3. R. depressa & cernua, Wall. 
Cat. 2379, 2380, chiefly. Dipteracanthus Nagchana, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. 
Rar. iii. 82. Dyschoriste depressa & cernua, Nees in l. c. 81, and in DC. 
Prodr. xi. 106. ‘ 
DECCAN PENINSULA; Rottler, Dr. Shuter, &c. BEHAR ; Patna, Ham., J. D. H. 
CEYLON ; Thwaites. . 
Stems 6-18 in., branched, lineolate, sometimes obscurely scabrid. Leaves 3-13 in., 
obtuse, base attenuate ; petiole 0-3 in. Bracts small, spathulate-elliptic or 0; brac- 
teoles 4 in. Calyx lineolate, glabrous or puberulous; tube 4 in., teeth 4 in. Corolla 
scarcely so long as the calyx, puberulous, flesh-coloured or blueish, palate not corru- 
gate. Filaments connate near the base; anther-cells very shortly but distinctly 
mucronate. Capsule 1 in.— T. Anderson has not indicated the grounds on which he 
keeps C. Nagchana and'C. depressa distinct; Nees says C. Nagchana differs by 
having the bracteoles spathulate, which is not the case in his type specimen. In C. 
Nagchana, where the flowers are clustered, the bracts of the upper flowers are much 
smaller, the bracteoles 0—4 in., but this is exactly as in Ruellia cernua, Wall. 
.2. €. littoralis, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 225, and in Journ. 
Linn. Soc. ix. 460 ; shrubby, nearly glabrous, leaves small obovate, flowers 
solitary or 2-3 together axillary, bracteoles elliptie, calyx-teeth shorter 
than the tube, filaments glabrous, anther-cells mucronate. Justicia madu- 
rensis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 9, t, 4, fig. 3. Ruellia littoralis, Linn. f. Suppl. 289; 
Roth Nov. Sp. 300; Wall, Cat. 2381. Dyschoriste littoralis, Mees n Wall. 
PL As. Rar. iii. 81, and in DO. Prodr. ix. 106; Wight Te. t. 447. 
S. DECCAN PENINSULA ; near the sea, Perottet, Wight, &c.; and inland at Coim- 
batore, Beddome. CEYLON; N. of the island, Gardner. . 
Stems 1-3 ft., sometimes woody, much branched, or elongate less stiff; innovations 
lineolate, sometimes hoary. Leaves 4 in. diam., obtuse, base cuneate or rounded ; 
petiole 0— in. Flowers mostly solitary ; bracteoles à in. Calyx densely lineolate, 
sometimes hoary ; tube + in., teeth 4 in. lanceolate. Corolla $ in. and upwards, 
nearly glabrous, narrowly cylindrie below, funnel-shaped upwards. Stamens, ovary; 
and capsule nearly as in C. Nagehana. 
