Calophanes. | CIX. ACANTHACER. (C. B. Clarke.) 411 
** Cymes small, flowers pedicelled. 
3. C. vagans, Wight Ic. t. 1526; leaves ovate or oblong more or less 
pubescent, calyx-teeth long-linear hairy, filaments hairy, anther-cells with 
prominent white divaricate spurs at the base. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. 
P ni 459, excl. syn. Ruellia racemosa, Heyne in Herb. Rottler, not! of 
orb. 
DECCAN PENINSULA, Rottler ; Kurg, Wight; Concan, Stocks; Belgaum, Ritchie. 
Stems 1~2 ft., erect or diffuse, branched ; innovations softly pubescent, not lineo- 
late. Leaves 14-2} in., usually narrowed at both ends, mature pubescent on both 
surfaces or glabrate except a few hairs on the nerves or margin; petiole } in. Cymes 
14 in., or some short 3-fld., softly hairy ; bracts i in., oblong ; bracteoles 2 in., linear. 
Calyx-tube 3 in., teeth 4-2 in. Corolla $ in., pubescent, blueish, palate transversely 
plicate. Spurs of the anther-cells much larger than in the preceding species. Cap- 
sule i in. 
4. C. Dalzellii, 7. Anders.; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 248; leaves 
ovate or oblong pubescent or nearly glabrate, calyx-teeth linear hairy, 
filaments glabrous or minutely hairy, anther-cells minutely mucronate at 
base or muticous. C. rigidus, Dalz. ms.— Dipteracanthus sp. n. 11, Herb. 
Ind. Or. H. f. & T. 
Conoan, Dalzell, Stocks; Poona, Dalzell, Beddome. . 
Closely resembling C. vagans, but cymes denser, pedicels rarely exceeding jin, 
calyx-teeth broader, sometimes linear-lanceolate, flowers rather larger, sometimes 
exceeding 1 in., and capsule }—-} in., 4-seeded (entirely of Calophanes).—The larger 
flowers and the stamens are quite as of Ruellia; the mucro of the anther-cells is 
either absolutely wanting or so minute that it requires a microscope to fiud it. 
Hence the plant was marked a Dipteracanthus by Bentham (not Dipteracanthus vagans, 
as T. Anders. states, which was T. Anderson's own mistake, not Bentham's) ; but as 
the ovules appear never more than 4, it must remain in Calophanes, It invalidates 
the genus Calophanes as distinguished from Ruellia. 
X. RUELLIA, Linn. 
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers sessile or 
subsessile, solitary or clustered; bract 0; bracteoles large, exceeding the 
calyx except in R. ciliata. Calyx 5-partite or 5-fid; teeth subequal, 
harrow, acute. Corolla tubular-ventricose; limb more or less oblique; 
lobes subequal, rounded, twisted to the left in bud, patent in flower. 
Stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous, unless near the base; anthers 
subequal, 2-celled; cells oblong, muticous, glabrous. Ovary glabrous ; 
ovules in each cell 3-10; style long-linear, hairy, stigma simple linear 
(except in R. macrosiphon). Capsule clavate, base solid, cylindrie, ellipsoid, 
Seed-bearing upwards. Seeds large, thinly discoid, marginate, much 
imbricated, densely elastically hairy when wetted ; retinacula large, hooked, 
strong.—Species 150, in all warm regions. 
The generic character here given is narrowed to the section Dipteracanthus 
(Genus, Nees), to which section all the Indian species strictly belong. In other 
Sections (Genera of Nees), reunited now with Ruellia in the Gen. PL, the bracts, 
capsules and seeds recede materially from the characters of Dipteracanthus. 
Ruellia Jlagelliformis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 47, came from the Moluccas. 
l l. R. prostrata, Lamk. Encycl. vi.349 ; prostrate pubescent upwards, 
*aves small ovate sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous, bracteoles spathulate- 
elliptic or petioled ovate foliaceous, corolla 1 in. pale purple caducous. 
