480 CIX. ACANTHACEEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Blepharis. 
89, adduced as a syn. by Nees and T. Anderson, described as from. India with ciliate 
leaves, seems more likely to have been Blepharis boerhaaviafolia, i. e. Burmann's 
ciliaris. 
XXI. ACANTHUS, Linn. 
Erect or twining shrubs, or herbs. Leaves pinnatifid, toothed, spinous 
or rarely entire. Spikes terminal or pseudo-axillary, dense strobiliform 
or interrupted; bracts ovate, large spinescent, or small; bracteoles large, 
lanceolate, rarely 0; flowers subsessile, blue or white. Sepals 4, 2 outer 
opposite, 2 inner opposite smaller. Corolla-tube short, ovoid, horny ; lim 
of 2 lips, upper obsolete, lower elongate obovate, shortly obtusely 3-lobed 
Stamens 4, didynamous, shorter than the lip; filaments stout, narrowe 
curved below the anther, uot excurrent near the apex; anthers oblong, 
l-celled, bearded. Disc 0. Ovary 4-ovulate; style very shortly 2-fid ; 
ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule ellipsoid, compressed, shining chestnut- 
brown, 4-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbicular, without hairs; testa very 
lax.—Species 14, in the warm and hot zones of the Old World. 
l A. carduaceus, Griff. Itin. Notes, 144, and Ic. Pl. As. Or, 
t. 427; leaves large sessile elliptic deeply pinnatifid glabrous lobes tooth 
spinescent, spikes long woolly, bracteoles 1 in. linear silky-woolly. 
Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 500. 
Buotan ; Oongar, Griffith. . 
A robust shrub, scandent on rocks (Griffith). Leaves 12-20 by 6 in., black-green 
or (Griff. Priv. Journ. 265) flesh-coloured ; lobes lanceolate. Spikes 6-12 in» 
crowded towards the ends of the branches, and on long axillary peduncles, the leaves 
at the base of the sessile spike being only 2-4 in. long, strobiliform, obscurely 4- 
ranked ; bracts 14 by 3 in., ovate, hairy within and without, spinous ; bracteoles lan- 
ceolate. Calyx silky, 2 outer lobes 3-1 in., lanceolate one shortly 2-toothed ; 2 inner 
lobes $ in., lanceolate. Corolla 1} in., white (Grifith), altogether as in the genus. 
Capsule 1-1} in., ellipsoid, compressed, glabrous, shining brown, 4-seeded, much as 
of A. ilicifolius. 
2. A. leucostachyus, Wall. Cat. 2512; leaves short-petioled elliptic 
or oblong spinous-serrate slightly hairy beneath, spikes hairy, bracteoles 
3 in. linear-lanceolate hairy. Nees in Wall. Pi. As. Rar. ii. 98, and in 
DC. Prodr. xi. 270; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 501. 
Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft., frequent; Wallich, kc. Namroop inthe PATKOYE 
Mrs., Griffith. Cacuar; Keenan. th 
Stem 6-15 in., decumbent, viscous-woolly. Leaves 8 by 34 in., cuneate at bo . 
ends, whitened beneath ; nerves beneath viscous-pubescent, prominently reticulate ; 
petiole $ in., woolly. Spikes 3-6 in., mostly terminal, solitary; bracts 3-1 by $ in» 
elliptic, spinous-toothed, hairy on both sides. Calyx softly hairy; 2 outer lobes 
3 in., one shortly 2-toothed ; 2 inner 4-2 in. sublinear. Corolla $ in., white (Nees). 
Capsule 4—5 in., ellipsoid, compressed, glabrous, shining-brown, 4-seeded.—The cap- 
sule and seeds greatly resemble A. ilicifolius, but are not ripe. 
3. A. longipetiolatus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 241; leaves long-petioled 
ovate subserrate pubescent on the nerves beneath, bracts obovate spinous- 
toothed softly hairy, corolla 14 in. nearly glabrous. 
Prov; Brandis (Herb. Kurz). 
Stem 1 foot, rather stout, decumbent, rooting, then erect, simple, rusty -pubescent. 
Leaves 6} by 3} in., cuneate subacute at both ends, serratures very shallow not spines- 
cent; petiole nearly 2 in. Spike solitary, simple, 54 by 1} in., continuous ; pedun- 
cle + in, stout, pubescent ; bracts $ by jin, teeth few, large; bracteoles l in» 
linear-subulate, bairy. Sepals 5, softly hairy; one 14 by 4 in. oblong obtuse, vro 
