INTRODUCTION. 
Class XI. DopDECANDRIA (from dweéeka, twelve). Sta- 
mens twelve. Example Sempervivum, 
Class XII. IcosanpDRIA (from xos, twenty). Stamens 
indefinite, but usually twenty, inserted in the calyx. 
Examples Prunus and Pyrus. 
Class XIII. POLYANDRIA (from rodv, many). Stamens 
indefinite, inserted in the receptacle. Examples Papaver 
and Ranunculus. 
Class XIV. DipyNAMIA (from die, twice, dvo, two, and 
vnua, a filament). 
and two short. 
Stamens twice two, four, two long, 
Examples Lamium and Digitalis. 
Class XV. TETRADYNAMTIA (from terpa, four, dvo, two, 
and vna, a filament). 
short. 
Stamens six, four long, and two 
Examples Brassica and Sinapis. 
* * Stamens united hy the filaments. 
Class XVI. MoNADELPHIA (from povoc, one, and 
acdeApoc, a brother). 
one body. 
Stamens united by the filaments in 
Example Malva. 
Class XVII. DIADELPHIA (from dic, twice, and 
adeApoc, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments 
into two bodies; in diadelphous pea-flowers the whole 
are usually connected in one body, with a single one only 
free. Examples Fumaria and Pisum. 
Class XVIII. PoLYADELPHIA (from rov, many, and 
adeApoc, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments 
into more than two bodies. Example Hypericum. 
* * * Stamens united by the anthers or tops into a 
cylinder. 
Class XIX. SYNGENESIA (from øvv, together, and 
yeveotc, origin; in allusion to the flowers rising from a 
common receptacle.) Example Leontodon. 
* * * * Stamens attached to, and standing upon the 
pistil. 
Class XX. GYNANDRIA (from yvvn, a female, and avnp, 
a male ; in allusion to the stamens being attached to the 
pistil), Example Orchis. 
§ 2. 
Class XXI. Monaecta (from provoc, one, and oikoç, 
a house). 
Flowers of distinct sexes. 
Male and female flowers on the same plant. 
Examples Begonia and Quercus. 
Class XXII. Diacra (from ç, twice, and ooc, a 
house). Male and female flowers on different plants. 
Examples Populus and Bryonia. 
Class XXIII, POLYGAMIA (from vodv, many, and 
` a capsule. 
Vil 
yauoç, a marriage). Male and female flowers on the same 
or on different plants along with hermaphrodite ones. 
Examples Atriplex Acacia and Fraxinus. 
SECOND GRAND DIVISION. 
Plants with inconspicuous flowers, that is to say, with 
the parts of fructification not evident. 
Class XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA (from kpvrroç, concealed, 
and yauoç, marriage). Reproductive organs hardly visible. 
Examples Polypodium, Hypnum, Jungermannia, Con- 
Serva, Fucus, Lichen, Agaricus, &c. 
ORDERS. 
Orders are principally formed from the number of styles, 
as the Classes are from the number of stamens, especially 
those in the first thirteen Classes, viz. MONOGYNIA, from 
povoc, one, and yuvn, a female, (and so on with the other 
orders). Style one. DIGYNIA, Styles two. TRIGYNIA, 
TETRAGYNIA, Styles four. PENTAGYNIA, 
HeEXAGYNIA, Styles six. HEPTAGYNIA, 
OCTOGYNIA, Styles eight, &c. PoLy- 
GYNIA, Styles numerous. 
The 14th Class, DIDYNAMIA contains two orders ; the 
first is called GYMNOSPERMIA (from yuuvoc, naked, and 
ameppua, a seed). 
Styles three. 
Styles five. 
Styles seven. 
Seeds naked, not inclosed in a capsule. 
Example Lamium. The second ANGIOSPERMIA (from 
ayyeov, a vessel, and omeppa, a seed). Seeds inclosed in 
Example Digitalis. 
The 15th Class, TETRADYNAMIA, also contains two 
First, SILIQUOSA (from siliqua, a long pod). 
Pods long, as those of Sinapis and Brassica. 
SILICULOSA (from silicula, a short pod). 
those of Lepidium and Biscutella, 
The 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, and 22nd classes have 
their order formed from the number of stamens, exactly 
upon the same principles as those of the first thirteen 
classes, as MONANDRIA, DIANDRIA, TRIANDRIA, TE- 
TRANDRIA, PENTANDRIA, HEXANDRIA, HEPTANDRIA, 
OcTANDRIA, DECANDRIA, DODECANDRIA, 
LYANDRIA. 
The 19th class, SYNGENESTIA, contains five orders. 
First A.QuALIS (from @qualis, equal). Florets of the 
disk and ray all hermaphrodite. Second SUPERFLUA 
(from superfluus, superfluous). Florets of the disk herma- 
phrodite, of the ray female. Third FRUSTRANEA (from 
Florets of the disk fertile, of the ray 
Fourth NECESSARIA (from necessarius, neces- 
Florets of the ray female, of the disk male, Fifth 
orders. 
The second 
Pods short, as 
and Po- 
frustra, in vain). 
sterile. 
sary). 
