22 
near Dresden. Flowers blueish or dark violet. 
variety of An, praténsis. 
Allied Pasque-flower. 
Perhaps a 
Fl. April, May. Pl. į foot. 
VIL. HEPA’TICA (from jjrartxoc, hepaticos, of or relating 
to the liver. The three lobes of the leaves have been compared 
to the three lobes of the liver.) Dill. giess. p. 108. t. 5. Lin, 
hort. cliff. 223. D.C. syst. 1. p. 215. prod. 1. p. 22. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Polygynia. Involucrum of 3 entire 
leaves, in the form of a calyx, close to the flower. Calyx of 
6 to 9 petal-like coloured sepals, disposed into two or three series. 
Stamens and ovaries numerous. Carpels tailless. Small peren- 
nial early-flowering evergreen herbs, with 3-7-lobed leaves. 
Scapes 1-flowered, numerous, rising from the same root. 
1 H. rriropa (Chaix in Vill. dauph. 1. p. 336.) leaves cor- 
date, 3-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles and 
scapes rather hairy. X4. H. Native of many parts of Europe 
in hedges and shady places. Anemone Hepatica, Lin. spe. 758. 
Oed. fl. dan. 612. Smith, eng. bot. t. 51. fl. græc. 513. Schk. 
hand. 2. t. 150. Anemòne præ`cox, Sal. prod. 371. Colour of 
flowers usually blue; found in gardens, but seldom if ever in the 
fields, with white, brown, flesh-coloured, red, purple, violet, or 
variegated flowers, but never yellow; single or double. Leaves 
green, purplish or variegated underneath. All these varieties are 
designated under names in old books, but here we have thought 
proper to omit them. 
Three-lobed-leaved or common Hepatica. 
England. Pl. 4 foot. 
2 H. Americana (Ker. bot. reg. t. 387.) leaves cordate, 
3-lobed; lobes quite entire, roundish, obtuse ; petioles and 
scapes very pilose. X4. H. Native of North America on the 
sides of fertile and rocky hills from Canada to Carolina. H. 
triloba 8. D.C. syst. 1. p. 216; H. triloba, Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. 
p. 391. Var. y, Hook. Flowers red. 
American Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 ft. 
3 H. axļxcvuròsa (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves palmately 
5-lobed ; lobes serrated. Y%.H. Native of? formerly cultivated 
in the Physic garden, Paris. An. angulosa, Lam, dict. 1, p. 
169. Flowers purple or blue. Sepals 8-9, elliptical, spreading. 
Angular-leaved Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt? Pl. 4ft. 
4 H. acutitopa (D.C. prod. 1. p. 22.) leaves cordate, 
3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, acute; petioles pilose. Y. H. 
Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains and in Canada. 
Anemone Hepatica. var. acutiloba, Bigl. Hook. Flowers blue. 
Perhaps a good species. Dr. Boott has gathered a variety of 
this or H. Americana with 5-cleft leaves near Boston. 
Acute-lobed Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1818. Pl. + ft. 
5 H. rrecrirorr (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves ovate, 
quite entire: scapes and petioles very villous. Y. F. Native 
of South America on the mountain Gualgayoc, at the height of 
1850 fathoms. Anemone integrifdlia, H. B. et Kth. nov. 
gen. et spe, amer. 5, p. 40. Perhaps the involucrum is 1-leaved, 
and the leaflets divided to the base into 3 parts. Flower sessile, 
white. Sepals 8-10, linear, shorter than the involucrum. Ova- 
ries villous. 
Entire-leaved Hepatica. P1. 4 foot. 
Cult, Hepáticas are great favourites for the flower-border, 
both as being evergreen in their foliage, and for their abundant 
early blossoms and great variety of colours and shades. A light 
loam or peat soil suits them best ; and they are easily increased 
by dividing the plants at the root, in spring. 
VIII. HYDRA’STIS (from icwp, hydor, water ; in reference 
to the humid places wherein it grows.) Lin, gen. no. 704. Juss. 
gen. 232. D.C. syst. ł. p. 217, prod. 1. p.23. Warneria Mill. 
fig. 2. t. 285. 
Lix. syst. Polydéndria Polygynia. Calyx of 3 ovate sepals. 
Fl. Feb. April. 
RANUNCULACE. VIL Herarica. VIII. Hyprastis. IX. KNoWLTONIA. 
(f.7. a.) Petals wanting. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Fruit 
baccate, numerous, collected into a head (f. 7. b.) each terminated 
by the style, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds somewhat egg-shaped, 
smooth. A small perennial herb with tuberous roots and 3-5- 
parted leaves. Root bitter, rather pungent and tonic, yielding a 
beautiful yellow dye, whence its name yellow-root. 
Hy. Canave'nsis (Lin. spe. 784.) 4Y. H. Native of North 
America in watery places, in tracts along the Alleghany mountains, 
from Canada to Carolina; along 
the river Ohio, and on the western 
parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania, 
in shady woods in fertile soil and 
among rocks. Pict. hort. par. 37. 
t.17. Root with fleshy tubercles, yel- 
low on the inside. Stem herbaceous, 
simple, 1-flowered. Lower leaves 1 
or 2, stalked, upper ones almost ses- 
sile, all of which are 3-5-parted, 
with their lobes grossly toothed. 
Flowers white or purplish, terminal, 
stalked. Fruit fleshy, red, similar to 
those of Rubus. Carpels ovate, acute. 
(fig. 7.) 
Canadian Yellow-Root. Fl. May, 
June. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 foot. 
Cult. This plant being rather difficult to increase, is rare in 
our gardens. It requires to be planted in a moist shady situa- 
tion, because if planted in a situation exposed to the sun it 
rarely lives through the summer. It is increased by dividing 
the plants at the root in spring, or by seeds. 
FIG. 7. 
IX. KNOWLTO' NIA (named after Thomas Knowlton, once the 
Curator of the Botanic Garden at Eltham). Sal. prod. 372. 
D. C. syst. 1. p. 218. prod. 1. p. 23. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria Polygiynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 
5-15, with a naked claw. Stamens numerous. Ovaries nu- 
merous, seated on a globose receptacle. Cariopsides numerous, 
l-seeded, baccate. Styles deciduous, awnless. Evergreen pe- 
rennial herbs, emulating the habit of some umbelliferous plants, 
with biternate or triternate leaves, and umbels of greenish-yellow 
flowers. 
1 Ky. rica (Sal. prod. 372.) leaves biternate; leaflets 
somewhat cordate, coriaceous, smoothish, lateral ones obliquely 
truncate at the base, umbel supradecompound, spreading. 2%. G. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 850.— 
Com. hort. 1. p. 1. t. 1. Adonis Capénsis, Lin. spec. 772: 
Adonis coriacea, Poir. suppl. p. 146. Anaménia coridcea, Vent. 
malm. 1. p. 22. t. 22. 
Rigid Knowltonia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1780. Pl. 1 foot. 
2 Kw. VEsIcATO RIA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 775.) leaves biternate; 
Leaflets somewhat cordate, rigid, smoothish, lateral ones at 
base obliquely truncate; umbel rather simple, few-flowered. 
Y. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Pluk. alm. 198. 
t. 95. f.2. Adonis vesicatoria, Lin. fil. suppl. 272. Adonis 
Capénsis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 46, exclusive of the synonym of Barr. 
Anaménia laserpitiifolia, Vent. malm. 1. p.22. Anaménia vesi- 
catòria, Dum. cours. bot. cult. 4. p. 438. Adonis laserpitiifolia, 
Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147, 
Blistering Knowltonia. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt.1691. Pl. 1 ft. 
3 Ky. ora‘citis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 219.) leaves biternate; 
leaflets ovate, profoundly serrated, rigid, pilose; scapes branche 
at the top; branches erect, few-flowered. Y.G. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t, 19. Adonis Æthi- 
opica. Thun. prod. cap.? Anaménia gracilis, Vent. malm. 1. 
p. 22. in obs.; Adonis gracili c nis 
Capensis Thunb. - gracilis, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147. Ado 
