26 
and brings it in a boat to the edge of the water, from which the 
cows eat it with great avidity, insomuch that they stint them, and 
allow only about twenty-five or thirty pounds to each cow daily. 
One man kept five cows and one horse so much on this plant, 
with the little which the heath afforded, that they had not con- 
sumed more than one half a ton of hay throughout the whole 
year, none being used except when the river is frozen over. 
Hogs are also fed with this plant, and improve so well on it, that 
it is not necessary to give them any other sustenance till they are 
put up to fatten. This property of Water-crowfoot is the more 
remarkable, as all the species have been deemed acrimonious, 
and some of them are without doubt highly so. It is probable 
this and the other water species are rendered inert as a poison 
by growing in water ; although it must be confessed, that in other 
instances moisture heightens the deleterious property of veget- 
ables, especially in the umbelliferous tribe. 
Var. a, heterophyllus (D. C. 1. c.) emersed leaves 3-parted. 
R. heterophyllus, Hoffm. fl. germ. 197; R. fluviatilis, Tabern. 
54. f. 2; R. diversifolius, Schrank. fl. bav. 103. Emersed leaves 
peltate or often not peltate. Carpels hispid with rigid sete, 
or rarely smooth, 
Var. B, capilldceus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves stalked, immersed, dis- 
sected into slender filiform segments.—Barrel. icon. 57. t. 566. 
R. trichophy Illus, Chaix. in Vill. dauph. 1. p. 337. R. pantothrix, 
var. a. D. C. syst. 1. p. 135. R. fluviatilis, Wahl. veg. helv. 
no. 597. Flowers large or small. Carpels hispid, or rarely 
smooth. 
Var. y, cespitdsus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves stalked, all emersed 
ones with a suborbicular black mark, dissected into diverging stiff 
segments; petioles with a broad sheathing auricled base. R. 
aquatilis, var. 3, Schk. hand. 2. no. 1527. t. 152. R. rigidus, 
Pers. in Hoffm. fl. germ. 4. p. 257. R. pantothrix 3, D. C. syst. 
1. p. 236. R. ptimilus Poir. dict. 6. p. 133. R. circinnatus, Sibth. 
in Smith. fl, brit. 2. p.596. Fine Water-crowfoot, Pet. herb. t. 
39. f. 3. 
Var. 6, stagnalis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves sessile, all immersed, 
capillaceously-multifid, circinnate : segments short; sheaths ob- 
soletely auricled, and are, as well as carpels, acutish and 
smoothish. R. stagnatilis, Wallr. sched. 285. 
Var. e, peucedanifólius (D. C. 1. c.) leaves stalked, all im- 
mersed, dissected into long parallel segments. R. fluitans, Oed. 
fi. dan. t. 376. R. peucedanifolius, AN. ped. no. 1469. R. pán- 
tothrix y, D. C. syst. 1. p. 236. R. peucedanoìdes, Desf. atl. 1. p. 
444. R. fluviatilis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1333. 
Water-Crowfoot. Fl. April. Aug. Britain. Pl. fit. 
Secr. II]. Ranuncura’strum, (from Ranunculus and astrum, 
an affixed signification; like) D. C. prod. 1. p. 27. Carpels 
smooth, compressed, disposed in spikes. Roots grumose. 
Flowers yellow, but variable in R. Asidticus. Leaves toothed, 
or dissected. 
5 R. putxa‘tus (Lin. spe. 774.) eaves all radical, stalked, 
ovate, toothed; scape naked, 1-flowered. X4. H. Native of 
the region of the Mediterranean, especially in Portugal, Anda- 
lusia, Mogadore, Algiers, Corsica, Sicily, Malta, Crete; in un- 
cultivated fields, olive plantations, and cretaceous hills. Flowers 
yellow, sweet scented, 9-12-petalled, single or double, sometimes 
small, as in R. flammula ; sometimes large, as in R. bulbdsus. 
Var a, parviflorus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 254. prod. 1. p. 27.) 
flower small; scape pilose ; leaves a little blistered.—Clus. 
hist. 1. p. 238. f. 2—Tabern. icon. 50. f. 1 and 2.—Ger. hist. 
954. f. 10.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 447. sect. 4. t. 31. f. 51. 
Var. B, grandiflorus (D. C. 1. ¢.) flower large ; scape clothed 
with pressed hairs; leaves much blistered—Clus. hist. 1. p- 
238. f. 1.—Ger. herb. 855. f. 11.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 447. sect. 
4. t. 31. f. 49, 50. 
1 
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. Ranuncutvs. 
Blistered-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 ft. 
6 R. cHÆ'ROPHY'LLOS (Lin. spe. 780.) radical leaves stalked, 
and somewhat villous, trisected; segments once or twice 3- 
parted, acute ; the first or primordial leaves ovate, toothed or 
3-lobed ; stem erect, 1 or 2-flowered ; calyx spreading, some- 
what reflexed. 21. H. Native throughout the south of Europe, 
North Africa, and Archipelago, in hills and fields. The first 
leaves are oval, the successive ones more and more dissected. 
Carpels acuminated, with the styles, densely crowded into ovate, 
oblong heads. 
Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. 1. c.) leaves nearly all trisected, mul- 
tifid.—Col. ecphr. 1. p. 212. t. 311.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 446. sect. 
4, t. 30. f. 44,—Barrel. icon. 581. R. choerophyllos, Lin. spe. 
780. R. Illyricus, Poir. dict. 6. p. 121. exclusive of the sy- 
nonyms. 
Var. B, gregarius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 255. prod. 1. c.) some of 
the leaves trifid, cut, others trisected, multifid. R. gregarius, 
Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 869. R. Thomasii, Ten. prod. fl. neap. suppl. 
2. p. 68. 
Var. y, flabellatus (D. C. 1. c.) some of the leaves oval, tooth- 
ed, others trisected, multifid. R. flabellatus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 438. 
t. 114. Smith, fl. græc. t. 520. 
Chervil-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. 
7 R. AcE ru (Bertol. opus. sc. 3. 1819. p. 182. t. 6.) leaves 
smooth, first ones reniform, 3-lobed, crenated, succulent, 3- 
parted, ultimate ones ternate ; lobes multifid, linear; stem 2- 
leaved, hairy, usually 1-flowered ; calyx reflexed; carpels ending 
in subulate points. }.H. Native of Buenos Ayres. 
Ager’s Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot. 
8 R. patupésus (Poir. voy. 2. p.184. dict. 6. p. 108.) leaves 
pubescent, radical ones ternate; lobes multifid; upper leaves 
linear entire ; stem erect, dichotomous; calyx adpressed. Y. H. 
Native of Barbary about Lacalle and elsewhere, in marshes. 
R. che’rophyllos var. d, Bir. ren. 42. Corolla of R. dcris. 
Carpels almost pointless, collected into elliptical heads. Calyx 
villous. 
Marsh Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 foot. 
9 R. avscx’nvens (Brot. fi. lus. 2. p. 63. t. 37.) leaves woolly, 
radical ones 3-parted : segments cuneated, trifid, deeply toothed ; 
stems ascending, dichotomous ; peduncles furrowed, angular ; 
calyx reflexed. 2.H. Native of Portugal about Coimbra and 
elsewhere in Beira and Estramadura, at the bottom of hills in 
bushy and shady places. Stature great. Leaves large, usually 
spotted at the recesses. _ 
A scending-stemmed Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 feet. 
10 R. mıLLEFOLIA`rus (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 63. t.37.) leaves de- 
compound, multifid ; lobes linear, smooth; stem almost leafless, 
erect, villous, 1-flowered ; calyx pressed. 4%. H. Native of the 
kingdom of Tunis about Cape Carthage in cultivated places, 
and on the mountains of the Morea, and Naples. Desf. atl. 
l. p. 441. t.116. Smith fl. gree. 521. Very like R. chæ'ro- 
phyllos, but differing in the tubercles of the roots being shorter 
and thicker; leaves always decompound ; flower larger, calyx 
pressed, not reflexed. 
Thousand-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Plant 1 foot. 
11 R. sca`seR (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 218.) leaves de- 
compound, multifid, scabrous ; segments linear-oblong, obtuse ; 
calyx pubescent, reflexed ; stem erect, leafy, many-flowered, 
clothed with close-pressed pubescence ; root ose. H. 
Native of Sicily. P I ; roots grumose. 4 
Scabrous Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot. 
12 R. GRA'CILIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 256.) leaves very smooth, 
some orbicular 3-lobed, toothed at top, others ternate, with ob- 
long deeply lobate lobes; stem nearly leafless, erect, clothed with 
pressed hairs, 1-flowered ; calyx reflexed, a little pilose. Y- H. 
Native of the Archipelago in the island of Cos. R. nov. spe 
