30 
the skin; and yet Alpine hunters chew it by way of refreshment, 
as removing fatigue and preventing giddiness. 
Var. B, Magellénsis (Ten. cat. hort. app. 1. p. 53.) differs 
from var. a, in the lobes of the leaves being crenate, not 3-parted. 
Var. y, Traunfelnèri (Hopp. Jahrg. 1819. 731. ex icon. 
Schlecht. anim. ran. 2. p. 6. 
Alp Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Scotland. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 
43 R. crena'tus (Waldst. & Kit. pl. hung. p. 119. t. 10.) 
leaves cordate, roundish, crenate at apex; stem 1-flowered ; 
calyx smooth; petals 5, obcordate, crenate at apex. Y. H. 
Native in moist places on the’ mountains of Hungary, near the 
limits of perpetual snow. Like R. alpéstris, but with the scape 
always 1-flowered, and the petals are furnished with a melliferous 
pore at their base, not with a scale. 
Crenate-petalled Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 ft. 
44 R. aconitirotius (Lin. mant. 79.) leaves palmate, 3-5- 
parted, with the partitions deeply toothed; upper leaves sessile, 
cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes; stem branched, many-flowered ; 
bracteas lanceolate serrated; calyx pressed, smooth YJ. H. 
Native of middle Europe, in moist pastures on the higher moun- 
tains, particularly in Holland, Germany, Hungary, and north of 
Italy, &c. This plant varies much in size, according to the places 
of its natural growth; on the tops of the highest mountains it 
does not attain the height of three inches, but in the lower valleys 
it attains the height of two feet. In shady places it becomes 
smooth, but in dry situations it is downy. Flowers sometimes 
few sometimes numerous, with -oblong cuneated or orbicular 
petals, with a linear scale at the base of each. 
Jar. a, humilis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 240.) radical leaves 3-5- 
parted ; stem slender, glabrous. Y.H. R. aconitifolius, Lin. 
mant. 79.—Mor. hist. 3. p. 462. sect. 12. t. 2. f. 3. 5. 
Var. B, erassicailis (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves 3-parted ; stem 
thickish, clothed with pressed hairs at the top. 2.H. Native 
of the Pyrenees in moist places by the sides of rivulets. R. 
heterophyllus, Lapeyr. abr. 316. but not of Smith. This variety 
may prove a distinct species. 
Aconite-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt, 1596. Pl. 4 to 2 ft. 
45 R, pratantrouius (Lin. mant. 79. Fl. dan. t. 111.) plant 
tall; radical leaves with 5-7 acuminated toothed lobes; upper 
leaves sessile, cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes; stem branched, 
many-flowered ; calyx pressed, smooth; bracteas linear entire. 
Y. H. Native of many parts of Europe on low mountains in bushy 
places. R. aconitifolius var. ò, platanifdlius, D. C. syst. 1. p. 241. 
There is a variety of this with double flowers, which is very 
common in our gardens under the name of Double white Batche- 
lors’ Buttons and Fair Maids of France. R. aconitifolius, B, flore 
pléno. Curt. bot. mag. t. 204. 
Var. 8B, dealbatus, radical leaves with 7 toothed lobes, whitish 
on the under surface; cauline leaves 3-lobed. Y%.H. Native 
of the Pyrenees in the crevices of calcareous rocks. R. deal- 
batus Lapeyr. abr. p. 315. R. platanifolius, var. £, D.C. syst. 1, 
», 241, 
Var. y, intermedius, plant tall ; radical leaves 3-parted. Yy.H. 
Native of the woods of Cevennes. A. platanifdlius, var. y, inter- 
mèdius, D. C. syst. 1. p.240. 
Platanus-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 
46 R. rerna'tus (Thunb. fl. jap. 241.) leaves all ternate with 
ovate, trifid, toothed, segments ; stem rather hairy, many-flowered ; 
calyx reflexed. ¥Y.H. Native of Japan in the island of Nipon. 
Deless. icon. sel, 1. t. 25. Very like R. aconitifòlius, var. B. 
leaves all stalked of a deep green, with the upper surface pu- 
~ 
bescent as well as the nerves on the under surface. Flowers 
small, on short pedicels. 
Ternate-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot. 
47 R. LA CERUS (Bell. in act. turin. 5. p. 233. t. 8.) leaves 
wedge-shaped, irregularly and acutely cut; stem smooth, branched, 
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. Ranuncutus. 
many-flowered; calyx pressed. 2. H. Native of the Alps of 
Valais, Dauphiny, Piedmont in fertile pastures but very rare. 
R. Pyrence‘us. var. Vill. dauph. 4. p. 733. R. Vallesiàcus 
Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 325. R.laciniàtus. Guid. herb. valais. p. 177. 
This plant is considered a hybrid, between R. aconitifolius and R. 
Pyrenæ us, because the carpels in cultivated plants have always 
been observed to be empty. 
Var. B, pallidus (D.C. prod. 1. p. 31.) flowers pale yellow, not 
white. R. frigidus, Schrank. hort. monac. t. 57. but not of Willd. 
This is a Hybrid between R. graminif dlius and R. aconitif olius 
according to Stoffels. 
Torn-leaved Crowfoot. 
§ 2. 
48 R. Pyrensz us (Lin. Mant. 248.) leaves linear or lanceo- 
late, quite entire ; scapes and peduncles downy at the top. Y. H. 
Native of the highest Alps of Europe, particularly in the Py- 
renees near the limits of perpetual snow, common. Deless. icon. 
sel. 1. t.27.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f.4.? R. am- 
plexicafilis, var. y, Gouan ill. 34. 
Var. B, bupleurifolius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 243.) stem 1-flowered ; 
leaves lanceolate. 21. H. Native of the Pyrenees in moist places 
in the valleys of the lower hills. R. Pyrenz'us, Jacq. misc. 1. 
p, 154. t. 18. f. 1. R. bupleurifdlius, Lapeyr. abr. 814. R, 
lanceolàtus. Guid. herb. valais. p. 177. 
Var. y, plantagineus (All. pedem. no. 1445. t. 76. f. 1. but not 
of Pers.) stem many-flowered ; leaves lanceolate. 2/.H. Native 
of Piedmont. 
Pyrenean Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt.1807. Pl. 3 to 1 ft. 
49 R. ancustiroxivs (D. C. rapp. voy. 1. p. 74. syst. 1. p- 
243.) leaves linear, or rather lanceolate, glaucous, not stem- 
clasping ; scapes and peduncles smooth. X4. H. Native of the 
Eastern Pyrenees about Mount Louis. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 
27. R. amplexicafitis, 6. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 889. R. 
Pyrenz'‘us, a, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 313. exclusive of the synonyms. 
An intermediate plant between R. amplexicatlis and R. Pyre- 
ne us, differing from the first in the peduncles being smooth, not 
downy, with smaller flowers; from the last in the leaves not 
clasping the stem, narrower. Scape 1-2 or 3-flowered. 
Narrow-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Pl. 3 
to $ foot. 
50 R. amprexicav'tis (Lin. spec. 774.) leaves oval-lanceo- 
late, acuminated, clasping the stem; scapes and peduncles 
smooth. X4. H. Native of the Alps of Europe, Provence; 
Apennines, Pyrenees, Iceland, and on the mountains of Leon in 
Spain, in high moist rocky situations. Curt. bot. mag. t. 226. 
Deless. icon. sel. 1. t, 27. f.c. R. plantaginifolius, Sal. prod. 
372. Leaves smooth, or with a few deciduous hairs on the 
edges, glaucous. Stem 3-6-flowered. Flowers snowy white, but 
when growing near the limits of perpetual snow they are said to 
be purplish, seldom double. 
Stem-clasping-leaved Crowfoot. FI. April, May. Clt. 1638. 
PI. 4 to 3 foot. 
51 R. parnasstro LIUS (Lin. spec. 774.) radical leaves stalk- 
ed, rather heart-shaped, ovate-roundish, cauline ones sessile, 
ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles hairy. 2.H. Native of the Alps 
and the Pyrenees, in the fissures of rocks contiguous to perpe- 
tual snow. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 191. t. 9. f. 3. Roem. 
fl. europ. fase. 5. icon. Hoh and Rein. itin. p. 190. Curt 
bot. mag. 386. R. cordatus, Guid. herb. valais. 177. Leaves 
somewhat coriaceous, with the foot-stalks much dilated at thet 
base. Stem 1-6-flowered. Flowers snowy-white, sometimes 
purplish about the size of those of R. amplexicailis. , 
Var. B, parviflòrus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 244.) leaves acutish ; 
flowers smaller. Y.H. Native of the Alps of Valais. Schleicher: 
Flowers always white. 
Fl. Ju. Jul. 
Leaves undivided. 
Clt. 1821. Pl.4to 1ft. 
Flowers white. 
