RANUNCULACE. 
Parnassia-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1769. Pl. 4 to} ft. 
§ 3. Flowers yellon. Leaves undivided. 
52 R. craminevs (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 549. ed. 2. p. 773.) 
leaves lanceolate, linear, quite entire ; stem erect, quite smooth, 
with fibres at the neck ; scales of petals tubular; root fascicled. 
4%. H. Native of France, Valais, Spain, and Portugal, in argil- 
laceous fields and meadows; in Britain, in dry alpine pastures of 
Wales. Curt. bot. mag. t. 164. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 380. Smith, 
engl. bot. t. 2306.—Bull. herb. t. 123. Plant somewhat glau- 
cous, and smooth. Scape 1-3-flowered. R. amplexicatlis, 
Gouan. hort. monsp. 265, exclusive of the synonyms of Lin- 
neus. R. graminifolius, Sal. prod. 372. 
_ Var. a, linearis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 245.) leaves linear.—Tab. 
icon. 51. f. 1.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 244. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 38. 
Var. B, pheenicifolius (D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate.—Moris. 
hist. 2. p. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 39. 
Var. y, horténsis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers 
double. Mor. hist. 2. p. 445. Perhaps this is nothing more 
than the double flowering variety of R. lingua. 
Grassy-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ap. June. Wales. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 
53 R. tonaicav'Lis (Ledeb. in litt. ex. Spreng.) leaves all ner- 
vous, obtuse, quite entire, and smooth, radical ones oblong-lan- 
ceolate on long stalks, stem ones linear, half- stem-clasping ; stem 
tall, simple, rather pilose towards the top, few-flowered ; sepals 
adpressed, rather hairy, about equal in length to the corolla. 
%.H. Native of Russia on mount Imaus. This species dif- 
fers from R. gramineus, in the stem being almost simple, as well 
as in the radical leaves being broader and stalked, and in the 
petals being equal in length to the corolla, not longer. 
Long-stemmed Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot. 
54 R. puptevroipes (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p- 365.) radical leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, stalked, 3-5-nerved, quite entire; stem erect, 
woolly at the bottom; scales of petals tubular ; root fascicled. 
4. H. Native of Portugal on hills in Beira. R. plantagineus, 
Pers. ench. 1. p- 102. but not of All. R. gramineus, var. (3, Bir. 
ren. 36. Like R. gramineus, but differing in the stems being 
woolly at the base, and in the leaves being ovate-lanceolate, not 
mear-lanceolate. 
Bupleurum-like. Fl. May. June. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
55 R. Lrxeva (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, 
sessile, half-stem-clasping ; stem erect, smooth; root creeping. 
North A Native throughout the whole of Europe, Siberia, and 
tama merica, from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in marshes, foun- 
ee and bogs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 100. R. palústris.—Weinm. 
phyt. t. 846. f. c. R. longifòlius, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 189. Great 
pear-wort, , Pet. engl. herb. t. 39. f. 5. Like R. flammula, but 
rger in all its parts, and more rigid. Leaves entire, or tooth- 
Va, owers sometimes double. 
leave. i Srmeilis (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 17.) stem slender ; 
€ r-lanceolate ; flowers small. 
T Y, laciniàtus (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 17.) leaves jagged. 
. Ongue-leaved Crowfoot, or Great Spear-wort. Fl. May, Aug. 
nitain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet, ° 
ances EEA MUTA (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves smooth, linear- 
stem deck: or somewhat ovate, almost entire, lower ones stalked ; 
opposite thet? solid, throwing out roots at the joints ; peduncles 
out the aa caves ; carpels smooth. %.H. Native through- 
merica p0 e of Europe, North Asia, North Africa, and North 
. lond} 37 4 and boggy places. Smith, eng. bot. 117. Curt. 
et. eng e E dan. t. 572. Bull, herb, t. 12. Small Spear-wort. 
stems ben T nt 39. f. 6. Differing from R. lingua in the 
not fistula e mate, not erect, and rooting at the joints ; solid, 
ower ioj : rom R. reptans in throwing out roots only at the 
Jomts of the stem, Flowers sometimes semi-double. 
XIV. Ranuncvutvs. 31 
Dr.. Withering recommends the distilled water as an instan- 
taneous emetic in cases of poison. He does not mention the 
dose. Lightfoot says the bruised leaves of this plant are used in 
many parts of the Highlands of Scotland, particularly in the isle 
of Skye and other places upon the coast, for the purpose of rais- 
ing blisters. It is applied in one or more limpet shells to the 
part where the blisters are to be raised. 
Var. B, serratus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 247.) leaves all serrated. 
Y.H. Not socommon as the first.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 442. sect. 
4.t. 29.f. 35. 
Var. y, ovatus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves all ovate and stalked. %.H. 
Very rare. R. ovatus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 102. 
Var. ò arenarius (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
stiff, cauline ones linear. %.H. Native in sandy wet places 
about Bayonne. R. flammuloides of Rafin, is hardly distinct 
from this variety. R. lanceolatus, Pall. herb. 
Var. £, intermedius (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11.) stem creep- 
ing, slender ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, upper ones linear, quite 
entire. UW. H. Native of the gravelly banks of rivers from 
Canada to Lat. 69. and Newfoundland. 
Flame Crowfoot or Lesser Spear-wort. Fl. June, Sep. Britain. 
Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
57 R.re’prans (Lin. spec. 775.) leaves linear, entire, smooth ; 
stem creeping, and rooting at every joint; carpels smooth. 2. 
H. Native of Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Nor- 
way, Russia near Petersburgh on the banks of the river Neva, 
Siberia, and China near Pekin; in sandy wet places on the bor- 
ders of lakes and rivers; in Britain, on the margins of alpine 
lakes. Lin. fl. lapp. 236. t. 3. f. 5. Fl. dan. t. 108. Light. fl. 
scot. f. in title. R. flammula, var. ¢, Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 45. 
This plant is supposed to be a variety of R. flammula, merely 
arising from the nature of the places where it grows wild, never- 
theless it differs in the stems being filiform and rooting at every 
joint, as well as in the linear leaves, and much smaller flowers. 
Var. B, filiférmis (Mx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 820.) leaves linear 
awl-shaped, obtuse ; stems rooting at every joint. %. H. Na- 
tive of North America, in inundated places along the gravelly 
banks of the rivers, from Canada to Lat. 69, Hudson’s Bay and 
Labrador. Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 392.? R. flammula, y, fili- 
fórmis, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11. 
Creeping Crowfoot or Spear-wort. Fl. Ju. Sep. Brit. Pl. ṣft. 
58 R. na`rans (N. E. herb. Lamb.) plant floating ; leaves on 
long stalks, which sheath the stem at their base, lanceolate, en- 
tire, or a little toothed, sometimes bifid ; petals blunt, longer 
than the stamens and sepals. %. W.H. Native of Mexico. 
Flowers axillary and terminal, small, yellow. Allied to R. 
flámmula. 
Floating Crowfoot. PI. fit. 
59 R. pusitius (Poir. dict. 6. p. 99.) leaves all on long 
stalks, with the lower ones ovate, a little toothed, and with the 
upper ones linear-lanceolate ; stems many, erect; pedicels oppo- 
site the leaves; petals length of calyx. %. H. Native of 
Carolina on the margins of fountains, and in low watery places 
on heaths. R. flammula, Walt. fl. carol. 158. R. humilis, Pers. 
ench. 2. p. 102. Like R. flémmula, but differing in the roots 
being fibrous, and in the foot-stalk being 6-times longer than the 
leaf, as well as in the flowers being 3-times smaller ; carpels 
ovate, compressed, granular. 
Small Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 3 foot. 
60 R. rotyrny’iivs (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1331.) leaves very 
numerous on the stem, collected in whorles, emersed ones 
stalked, ovate, rather 3-lobed, immersed ones rather filiform. 
@.H. W. Native of Hungary in bogs and in water. Hayne, 
term. bot. t. 28. f. 3. Waldst. and Kit. hung. 1. p. 44. t. 45. 
Stem branched at the top, many-flowered. Flowers having 
either 5-petals or 3-petals. Perhaps a species of Casdalia. 
