42 RANUNCULACE. XV. CASALEA. 
leaflets 3-lobed, hairy; root tuberous? bulbous? Very like R. 
philonotis. bose. 
Hornemann’s Crowfoot. Pl. 14 foot. 
185 R. oprusironivs (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 528. Schlecht. 
anim. 2. p. 36.) Native of Spain. Very like R. lanuginosus, 
but the lobes of the leaves are blunt. 
Blunt-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. ? 
Cult. The species belonging to section Batrachium require 
to be grown in water: those belonging to sections Ranuncu- 
lastrum and Thora will grow in any common garden soil, 
either in a moist or dry situation, and being all grumose-rooted 
plants, they should be increased by offsets from the roots, or by 
seeds ; those belonging to section Hecaténia, being all fibrous- 
rooted plants, should be increased by dividing the plants at the 
root or by seeds; they will thrive very well in any kind of soil, 
but a moist situation suits most of them best, and some of them 
will grow in water, such as R. biternàtus, flammula, lingua, &c. 
and those belonging to section Echinélla, being all trifling annual 
plants, only require to be sown in the open ground ; they will 
thrive in any kind of soil, either in a wet or dry situation. The 
‘species most worth the cultivator’s care are the following: R. ru- 
tefolus, isopyroides, glacialis, alpéstris, aconitifolius, platanifolius. 
Pyrene’us, amplexicatlis, parnassifolius, gramineus, gracilis, fu- 
mariefolius, Illyricus, Asiaticus, àcris var. flore-pleno, repens 
var. flore-pléno, Krapfia, and macropétalus, &c. In the cultiva- 
tion of all, the situations where each grow naturally should be 
consulted. 
XV. CASA‘LEA (in honour of Abbate Manuel Ayres de 
Casal, who in his Corographia Brasiliana mentions many plants. ) 
St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 8. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 3-coloured, 
petal-like sepals. Petals 3, sometimes only 1 or 2 from abortion, 
usually shorter than the sepals, unguiculate, each furnished with 
a fleshy orbicular scale on the inside at the base. Stamens 4-18, 
but generally 6. Carpels numerous, compressed, smooth, each 
ending in a point, disposed in hemispherical or globular heads. 
Small, smooth, marsh herbs, with fibrous roots and erect or 
decumbent rooting stems. Leaves entire or parted. Peduncles 
1-flowered opposite the leaves. Flowers small, white, or yellow. 
1 C. sessizirtora (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 9.) stems prostrate, 
hairy ; leaves 3-parted, cut, pilose, ciliated, radical ones stalked, 
rather orbicular, upper ones almost sessile, somewhat triangular, 
truncately-cuneated at the base; flowers sessile; stamens 5-6. 
©. H. Native of Brazil in marshes in the province of Cis Pla- 
tine. Flowers yellowish ; petals white at the base. 
Sessile-flowered Casalea. Fl. Nov. Pl. prostrate. 
2 C. PHYTEUMÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 9.) stem erect ; 
leaves stalked, radical ones usually cordate, lower stem ones 
ovate, middle ones oblong-rhomboid, uppermost ones almost 
linear acute ; fruit bearing peduncles erectish; stamens usually 
12; heads of carpels ovate. ©.H. Native of Brazil in marshes 
in the province of Minas Geraes. Ranúnculus phyteumefolius, 
Spreng. syst. app. 218. Sepals white, a little shorter than the 
petals, which are also white. 
Var. B, Bonariénsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 10.) flowers a little 
larger than in the species; stem more branched; leaves all 
toothed, radical ones a little smaller; stamens 5-12. ©. H. 
Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul, in marshes, and of 
Buenos Ayres. Raninculus Bonariénsis. Pers. ench. 1. p. 103. 
C. heterophyllus, Smith in Rees’ cycl. no. 12. Flowers white. 
Phyteuma-leaved Casalea. Fl. Sep. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
3 C. Ficarizro Lia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p- 10.) plant quite 
smooth; stem rather decumbent ; leaves cordate, angular, quite 
blunt, upper ones rather truncate at their base, orbicularly-trian- 
gular or ovate ; fruit bearing peduncles spreading ; flowers small ; 
XVI. APHANOSTEMMA. 
petals elliptical-lanceolate ; stamens 5-6 ; heads of carpels glo- 
©.H. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande 
do Sul in humid places and rivulets. Petals and sepals whitish. 
Var. B, minor (St. Hil. fl.bras.1. p.10.)stem much smaller, erect; 
leaves smaller, crenate-angular, or slightly or coarsely crenated ; 
radical ones more orbicular than the rest ; flowers yellow. ©.H. 
Native of Brazil and Buenos Ayres in marshes. Ranúnculus 
Bonariénsis, Poir. dict. 6. p. 102. Deless. icon. sel. 1. p. 29. 
D. C. syst. 1. p. 250. R. cochlearizefolius, Horn. cat. hort. 
hafn. . 
Ficaria-leaved Casalea. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. į to 4 ft. 
4 C. asce’NvEns (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p.11. t. 1.) plant quite 
smooth ; stems ascending, slender ; leaves stalked, radical ones cor- 
date-roundish ; coarsely crenate, stem ones cordate, crenated, up- 
per ones rather obovate, or somewhat obovate 3-lobed, uppermost 
ones very small, usually linear ; petals obovate-oblong ; stamens 
usually 4 ; heads of carpels cylindrically-oblong. ©. H. Native 
of Brazil near Monte Video in marshes. Ranunculus cordifolius, 
Spreng. syst. app. p. 218. Flowers white ; sepals longer than 
the petals. 
Ascending Casalea. Fl. Nov. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 
5 C. FLAGELLIFO'RMIS (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 11.) plant 
quite smooth ; stem creeping, rooting; leaves rather orbicular, 
cordate at the base, obsoletely angular ; flowers minute ; stamens 
usually 5 ; heads of carpels globose. ©.H. Native of Brazil 
in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul in marshes, as well 
as of Chili and Peru. Ranúnculus flagelliférmis, Smith in 
Rees’ cyclop. no. 13. D. C. syst. 1. p. 251. R. hydrocétile, 
Domb. ined. R. reniférmis, Lamb. herb. Flowers white ; petals 
very minute, usually 2. 
Var. B, lutéscens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 12.) leaves less cor- 
date ; calyx and corolla yellowish. ©.H. Native of Brazil in 
the province of Rio Grande do Sul. in hogs. 
Whip-formed Casalea. Fl. Sept. March. Pl. creeping. 
Cult. Casalea is a genus of trifling annual plants not worth 
cultivating, except in the gardens of the curious. They only re- 
quire to be sown in the open ground about the middle of April, 
in a moist warm situation, however many of them will grow in 4 
dry situation. 
XVI. APHANOSTEMMA (a, priv. ; gatvw, phaino, to ap- 
pear, oreupa, stemma, a crown, in allusion to the small petals. 
St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p.18. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5, coloured; 
petal-like deciduous sepals. Petals 5, scarcely manifest, distant, 
orbicular, somewhat bilabiate, in the form of glands, unguiculate, 
with a nectariferous hollow at the base of each, deciduous. Sta- 
mens and ovaries indefinite. Stigmas minute. Carpels rather 
orbicular, compressed, somewhat marginate, collected into a sm 
ovate head. A smooth herb, with lobed multifid leaves. Pe- 
duncles opposite the leaves. Corolla valvate in the bud. . 
1 A. apuroium (St. Hil. 1. e.) ©. H. Native of Brazil 
near Monte Video, as well as of Buenos Ayres in marshes. Ra- 
nunculus apiifolius, Pers. ench. 2. p. 105. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 
t. 26. Stem glaucous, branched, but sometimes almost simple, 
with corymbose branched panicles. Leaves almost cordate, OF 
bicular, obtuse, divided into 5-6 lobes beyond the middle ; lobes 
usually trifid, middle one profoundly 5-cleft or trifid ; segments 
more or less toothed, bluntish; upper leaves almost sessile 3- 
parted, with linear, narrow acute, quite entire segments, upper” 
most leaves sessile, linear, narrow, with two membranous auricles 
at the base of each. Sepals obtuse, white, or reddish. Petals 
much smaller than the stamens. 
Parsley-leaved Aphanostemma. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 
Cult. The seeds of this plant may be sown in a pot of earth 
and placed in a hot-bed, taking care to keep it moist, and. when 
