44 
two or three flowers on each stem. C. Ficaroides, Don, in Hed. 
stat. Forf. appendix. 
Common Marsh Marigold. 
Britain. Pl. a, 1 foot, y, 4 foot. 
5 C. ripa‘rta; leaves broad-kidney-shaped sharply crenate- 
toothed; auricles or lobes rounded, distant, coarsely-toothed ; 
stem erect, many-flowered. Y%. H. W. Native of Britain in 
several places, particularly on the banks of the river Thames 
in marshes. Plant large, pale green. This plant appears 
to be the type of the Double-flowered Caltha, cultivated in 
gardens. 
River Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. Pl. 14 foot. 
6 C. rapicans (Forst. in trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. 321. t. 17.) 
stem creeping; leaves triangular, somewhat cordate, sharply 
crenate. %.H. Native of Scotland by the sides of lakes and 
rivulets, near Forfar; about the Pentland hills and in Roslin 
woods ; more common in some spots near Edinburgh than C, 
palústris; in marshes near Collace, Perthshire. Smith, engl. 
bot. 2175. 
Rooting Marsh Marigold. FI. May, Ju. Scotland. Pl. 4 foot. 
7 C. Himate'nsis (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 195.) stem as- 
cending, dichotomous ; branches 2-flowered ; leaves sagittate- 
cordate, on long stalks, crenate, with a wide recess at the base ; 
lobes toothed, somewhat truncate ; sepals 6, ovate. Y%.H. W. 
Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan in overflowed places. C. 
Emodorum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 220. Flowers deep yellow. 
Capsules elliptical, smooth, each with a long beak. 
Himmaleh Marsh Marigold. Fl. Aug. PI. 4 foot. 
8 C. INTEGE'RRIMA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 390.) stem 
erect, corymbose ; leaves orbicular, cordate, quite entire, floral 
ones sessile, kidney-shaped, obsoletely crenate at the base ; sepals 
oval. %.H. W. Native of North America in wet meadows 
and small rivulets, from New England to Virginia. Flowers 
smaller than those of C. palústris ; sepals subobovate, very 
blunt. 
Very-entire-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 ft. 
9 C. asariro'Lta (D. C. syst. 1. p. 309.) stem rather erect, 
1-flowered ; leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, crenate, with a broad 
recess ; sepals 6 or 7, oval. Uw. H. W. Native of the island of 
Unalaschka and the Aleutian isles. Radical leaves stalked. 
Very like C. palistris, but smaller. 
A sarabacca-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1824. 
Pl. 4 foot. 
10 C. parnassiro'tia (Raf. new york. med. rep. 2. p. 351. 
no. 28. and in journ. bot. 1808, 1. p. 229.) stem only bearing 
one flower and one leaf; radical leaves stalked, lanceolate, cor- 
date, very blunt, many-nerved; sepals elliptical. 2. H. W. 
Native of North America in shady cedar swamps of New Jersey 
and Carolina. R. ficarioides, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389. 
Ranúnculus Ficària, Walt. fi. car. 159. Flowers deep yellow, 
about the size of those of Ficaria. 
Parnassia-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. 
Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 
11 C. reprosta‘cnya (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310. Hook. fl. bor. 
amer. p. 22. t. 10.) stem bearing one leaf and 1-2-flowers ; radi- 
cal leaves stalked, ovate, cordate, crenate, many-netved ; sepals 
10, linear or oblong. XY. H. W. Native of the western coast 
of North America, at a place called Prince William’s Sound, and 
in alpine swamps on the Rocky Mountains. Capsules 8 or 10, 
on very short stipes, pointed. 
Slender-spiked Marsh Marigold. Pl. 1 foot. 
12 C. girLo'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310.) stem bearing only one 
leaf and 2-flowers; radical leaves stalked, kidney-shaped, cre- 
nate, with a very broad recess; sepals oblong. 4%. H. W. 
Native on the western coast of North America on Banks’s 
Islands. Petioles dilated at the base into a membranous sheath. 
Fl. March, April. 8. in May. 
RANUNCULACES. XVIII. Carrna. 
XIX. Trottivs. 
Two-flowered Marsh Marigold. PI. 4 foot. 
13 C. FLABELLIFO`LIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 390. t. 17.) 
stem procumbent, many-flowered ; leaves dilated, kidney-shaped, 
with very spreading sharply-toothed lobes ; sepals obovate ; cap- 
sules terminated by hooked points. 2. H.W. Native of Penn- 
sylvania in a large sand spring on Pokono-mountain. Flowers 
middle sized. Allied on one side to C. ndtans, and on the other 
to C. radicans. 
Fan-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clit. 1818. Pl. 
procumbent. 
14 C. Arctica (Br. Br. in app. to capt. Parry’s voy. p. 265.) 
stem creeping; leaves kidney-shaped, repand-crenate, obtuse; 
capsules 12-16, imbricate, with recurved beaks ; anthers linear, 
20 or more. Y%.H. M. Native of Melville Island and along 
the coast of the Arctic Sea, from long. 107° to 150°. Flowers 
white. 
Arctic Marsh Marigold. P]. + foot. 
15 C. wa‘rans (Pall. itin. ed. min. 3. p. 248.) stem floating ; 
leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, with the lobes rather approximate, 
obsoletely crenate behind, and toothed in front; sepals oval; 
capsules terminated by straight beaks. 2. H. W. Native in 
the most eastern parts of Siberia, and about the town of Irkousk, 
floating in stagnant water; North America on the surface of 
deep spagnous bogs in the woody central districts, from Canada 
to lat. 60°.—Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 192. t. 82. Flowers white, 
with a tinge of red. C. Baikalénsis Demidow. 
Floating Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816, Pl. 
floating. 
Cult. Being all natives of marshes or shallow water, they 
must be kept in a moist situation. C. natans requires to be 
planted in a pond or water cistern. All are easily increased by 
dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. 
XIX. TRO’LLIUS (a name given to this plant by Conrad 
Gesner. It is derived from trol or trolen, an old German word 
signifying something round, in allusion to the form of the flowers, 
whence also the English name Globe Flower.) Lin. gen. no. 
700. D. C. syst. 1. p. 311. prod. 1. p. 45. 
Lin. syst. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 5-10-15 deciduous. 
petal-like coloured sepals. Petals 5 to 20, small, linear, flattened, — 
unilabiate. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Capsules numerous, 
sessile, columnar, many-seeded. Smooth, perennial, upright, 
slightly acrid herbs. Leaves deeply divided and cut. Referable 
to Ranúnculus and Chrysanthemum in habit, but in character to 
Helléborus. 
_ 1 T. Euroræ'us (Lin. spec. 782.) sepals about 15, converging 
into a globe ; petals from 5-10, length of stamens ; leaves 
divided into many deep, pinnatifid, cut lobes. 2.H. Native 
almost throughout the whole of Europe in shady mountain, 
rather moist situations. Not rare in Westmoreland, Cumber- 
land, Durham, Wales, and the Lowlands of Scotland. Smith, 
engl. bot. t. 28. Fl. dan. 133. Lois. herb. amat. t. 69. T. altis- 
simus, Wend. flor. 1818. p. 578. Flowers bright yellow, rather 
pale. The country people of Westmoreland, Scotland, and 
Sweden consider this as a sort of festival flower, going in parties 
to gather it for the decoration of their doors and apartments, aS 
well as their persons. 
Var. B, húmilis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 45.) plant smaller, only 
bearing one flower on each stem; flower hardly raised above the 
leaf. T. hamilis, Crantz. austr. 2. p- 124. exclusive of synon. 
of Buxb. T. minimus, Wendl. 1. c. p. 579. 4. H. Native of 
Austria. 
European Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. Pl. 14 to 2 ft. 
2 T. Lepesou'ru (Rchb. icon. t. 272. ex. Spreng. syst- PP: 
p. 220.) sepals 5-spreading ; petals 10-12, linear, longer than 
the stamens. Y%.H. Native of Siberia. : 
