64 
Bishma, Pl. 14. 
2 N. Copvu'a; stem erect; cauline leaves numerous, pilose, 
nervous and veiny, ovate, peltate, with many cuneated, cut, 
lobate lobes; lobules bluntish, with two deep incisures towards 
the top of the leaf. 2.F. Native of Nipaul with the preced- 
ing Caltha Codùa, Hamilt. 1. c. The root of this species is 
more poisonous than the last, and is used by the Corkhalese 
for the same purposes. Kodoya is the name of this plant in Nipaul. 
Kodoya. Pl. 14 foot. 
3 N. Hamitto Ni, stem simple, smooth ; cauline leaves nu- 
merous, stalked, cordate, triangular, somewhat 5-nerved, and 
veiny, with a few short hairs on the edges; lobes cuneated, cut, 
acute, quinquefariously divided ; petioles very long, stem-clasp- 
ing. Y%.F. Native of Nipaul, along with the two preceding 
species, where it is called Nirbishi or Nirbikhi. Caltha Nirbisia, 
Hamilt. l. c. The root of this species is a powerful bitter, and is 
employed by the natives of Nipaul to cure fevers. 
Hamilton’s Nirbishi. PJ. 14 foot. 
Cult. None of the species of Nirbisia has yet been intro- 
duced into the gardens of Europe, therefore the mode of culti- 
vating them is unknown; however, should they be, we would 
recommend their being grown in small pots filled with loam and 
peat, and treated as other alpine plants ; they may be either in- 
creased by separating the tubers or by seeds. 
Tribe V. 
Pxonta‘cex, D.C. prod. 1. p. 64. 
D. C. syst. 1. p. 381. 
distinct order. 
Ranunculacee Spirie, 
Anthers bursting outwards. Perhaps a 
Herbs rarely shrubs. 
XXX. CIMICI'FUGO (from cimez, a bug, fugo, to drive 
away ; indicating certain virtues the plants possess, particularly 
C. fe'tida.) Lin. amen. 7. p. 435. Schreb. gen. 933. Actæ'a, 
Sect. 1. Cimicifugo, D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. prod. 1. p. 64. 
Lix. syst. Polydndria, Mono-Polygijnia. Calyx of 4 deci- 
duous sepals. Petals 4. Styles 1 to 15. Carpels dry, dehiscent, 
many-seeded. Perennial herbs, with variously divided leaves, 
and racemes of whitish flowers, Roots drastic and poisonous. 
; Š \ Actaa, sect. Cumicifugo, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. Carpels 
rom 1 to15. 
1 C. ra'ripa (Lin. syst. ed. 12. p. 659.) ovaries 4, almost 
sessile, very villous ; racemes panicled ; leaves ternate or biter- 
nate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, deeply toothed. %.H. Native of 
the Carpathian mountains, Dauria, Eastern Siberia, and north- 
west coast of America. Geert. fruct. 2. p. 275. t. 140. Actæ'a 
cimicifugo, Lin. ameen. 2. p. 354. D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. Planta 
cimicifugo, Lin. ameen. 8. p. 193. t.4. A very fetid herb, 
used in Siberia for driving away bugs, as tansy is by the peasants 
of this country. 
Var. B, simplex (Wormsk ined. ex. Fisch. in litt.) 4. H. 
Native of Kamtschatka, very common. Actæ'a cimicifugo £, 
simplex, D. C. prod. 1. p. 64. Stem simple, undivided; racemes 
solitary or rarely twin. Perhaps a distinct species. 
Feetid Bugwort. FI. June, July. Clt. 1777. Pl. 2 feet. 
2 C. America na (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 316.) ovaries 
4 or 5, smooth, stipitate ; racemes panicled ; leaves decompound. 
4. H. Native of Carolina in shady woods on mountains. Ac- 
tæa podocarpa, D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. Del. icon. sel. 1. t. 66. 
Habit of C. serpentdria. 
American Bugwort. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 to 8 ft. 
3 C. corDIròLIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 307. exclusive 
of the synonyms,) ovaries from 2 to 3, sessile ; racemes panicled ; 
leaves biternate ; leaflets 4-5-lobed, serrated, cordate at the base. 
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. (2) Nirsisia. 
XXX. Cımıciruco. XXXI. Actza. 
uu. H. Native of North America in shady woods, on high 
mountains of Carolina. Actæ'a cordifolia, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. 
Resembles C. serpentària. Ovaries smooth. Bot. mag. 2069. 
Heart-leaved Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 2 or 3ft, 
4 C. parma TA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 316.) ovaries from 
12 to 15, collected into a roundish head ; racemes dichotomously 
panicled; leaves palmate, with the lobes serrated at the apex. 
Xy. H. Native of North America in the beds of mountain 
rivulets in Virginia and Carolina, also on the north-west coast. 
Acte'a palmata, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. Hydrastis, Lam. ill. t. 
500. Hydrastis Carolinianus, Walt. carol. 156.? Hydrastis Ca- 
nadénsis, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 71.—Bot. mag. 1630. Herb glabrous. 
Palmate-leaved Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 2 ft. 
§ 2. 
p. 64. 
Acte‘a, Sect. Macrotys, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. prod. 1. 
Carpels solitary. 
5 C. SERPENTA RIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 372.) racemes 
compound, very long ; leaves triternate, with serrated or rather 
cut leaflets. 2%. H. Native of North America in shady stony 
woods, from Canada to Florida. Actz‘a mondgyna, Walt. car, 
151. Acte‘a racemosa, Lin. spec. 722. C. racemosa, Bart. 
philad. 2. p. 12.—Pluk. amalth. 54. t. 383. f. 3.—Dill. elth. 
79. t. 67. f£. 78. Resembles Actæ a spicata, but larger. Flowers 
white. This plant is used with success by the native practitioners 
of North America, for curing the dangerous bite of the Rattle- 
snake. 
Black Snakeroot or Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. 
3 to 5 feet. 
6 C. Japo’nica; spikes very long; leaves ternate, with 5 or 
7 lobed cordate segments. 2/.H. Native of Japan. Actea 
Japonica, Thunb. jap. 221. D. C. syst. 384, Leaves large. 
Flowers sessile. 
Japan Bugwort. PI. 3 feet. 
Cult. Plants of easy culture, will grow in any common gar- 
den soil, prefer a shady moist situation. All the species are 
easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. 
XXXI. ACTÆ'A (arrn, akte, was the Greek name of the 
Elder, which these plants much resemble in foliage and fruit.) 
Lin. gen. no. 644. Christophoriana, Tourn, inst. 299. t, 154 
Actee‘a, Sect. III. Christophoriana, D. C. syst. 1. p. 384.. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 deciduous 
sepals. Petals 4. Style 1. Carpels baccate indehiscent (f. 13. 
b.) many-seeded (f. 13. e.) Perennial herbaceous plants, with 
bi or triternate leaves, and racemes of whitish flowers. Berries 
poisonous. 
1 A. srica`ra (Lin. spec. 722.) 
berry oblong; petals length of 
stamens; racemes ovate; leaves 
bi or triternate, with ovate-lan- 
ceolate, serrated or cut segments, 
terminal one trifid. X.H. Na- 
tive almost throughout the whole 
of Europe. In England in bushy 
mountainous limestone situations, 
rare. In the north-west corner 
of Yorkshire, as about Malham 
Cove, Clapham, Askrigg, and the 
base of Ingleborough hill, &c. 
Smith, engl. bot. 918. Fl. dan. 
498. Lam. illus. t. 448. f. "l. 
Gert. fr. 2. p. 154. t. 114. p 
Flowers white, witha slight blush colour. This plant is a por 
ful repellent. The root is useful in some nervous cases, but mu i 
be administered with caution.’ The berries are black and poison 
