BERBERIDE. 
§ 1. Leaves simple. Peduncles many-flowered, racemose. 
1 B. vurea‘ris (Lin. spec. 472.) spines 3-parted; leaves 
somewhat obovate, ciliately-serrated ; racemes many-flowered, 
pendulous ; petals entire. h.H. Native throughout the whole 
of Europe and Western Asia, in hedges and coppices, especially 
in a chalky soil ; it is even found on Mount Etna, at 5000 or 7500 
feet above the level of the sea: in England, particularly about 
Saffron- Walden in Essex, &c. Mill. dict. no. 1. Oed. fi. dan. t. 
904, Smith eng. bot. 49. B. irritabilis, Sal. prod. 213. Fruit red. 
Var. È, lùtea ; fruit yellow. Lher, ined. 
Var. y, violacea, fruit violaceous. Poit. et Turp. arb. fr. 59. 
Var. ò, purpdrea ; fruit purple ; leaves narrow, hardly-ciliated. 
B. innominata, Kielm. dec. rar. pl. tub. p. 18. 
Var. e, nigra; fruit black; leaves oblong, ciliately serrated ; 
serratures few. 
Var. ¢, alba; fruit white. Mill. diet. no. 1. 
Var. 0, aspérma; fruit destitute of seeds. Mill. dict. no. 1. 
Shrubs from 4 to 8, but sometimes 25 feet high. Roots bitter, as- 
tringent, boiled in lye will dye wool yellow. Bark purgative, taken 
in the form of a decoction, in ale or other liquors, is efficacious 
in the jaundice. The bark of the root and inner bark of the 
stem affords a colour which will dye linen or cotton of a fine 
yellow, with the assistance of alum. ` In Poland they dye leather 
of a most beautiful yellow with the bark of the root. The leaves 
are gratefully acid. The flowers are offensive to the smell when 
close, but at a proper distance their odour is extremely agree- 
pe The berries are so acid that birds will not eat them. The 
rarberry, however, is cultivated for the sake of these, which are 
Pickled and used for garnishing dishes ; and being boiled with 
sugar they form an agreeable rob or jelly, they were formerly 
-i as a dry sweet-meat as well as in sugar-plumbs and comfits. 
in oee moderately restringent, and are said to be of great use 
tridit ms fluxes, and in all cases where heat, acrimony, and pu- 
i Ped of the humours prevail. On the authority of Prosper 
petler we are informed that the Egyptians employ them in 
relates tt, fevers and fluxes with great success, and Simon Paulli 
a bilio a he was cured of a malignant fever, accompanied with 
tian ous | larrhoea, by using these berries according to the Egyp- 
wele gee that is, macerating them for a day and a night in 
ennetas their quantity of water with the addition of a little 
it as a con » and then stirring and sweetening the liquor and using 
ta, mmon drink. Dr. Woodville observes in his Medical 
Ys vol. 4. p. 62, that these berries are well calculated to 
ai M and thirst, and to correct a putrid tendency in the 
vana ut that, in this respect, they seem to possess no peculiar 
of Ean ges Over most of the other acid fruits ; hence the colleges 
ateria Men and London have expunged this fruit from the 
parts of E ecca, and retained only that of the currant. In many 
that ears op ope a certam peculiarity is ascribed to this shrub, 
that it exte om rowing near it constantly prove abortive, and 
3 or 400 n s this sterile influence over them to the distance of 
groundles yar À across a field; but this opinion is altogether 
flowers of . h meets of various kinds are remarkably fond of the 
cular inhabit © i arberry, and the Æcidium Berbéridis, its parti- 
from the bute is Supposed to generate the dust which, carried 
is said to give yn is and lighting on wheat and other corns, 
up the pores of thes e uccinia, a minute fungus which closes 
the peculiarities Ai caves and appears like rust or mildew. All 
e whole ger, e D. vulgaris is said to possess runs through 
ommon Bact, as well as the genus Mahonia. 
2 B. Ipr’na, wih FI. April, May. Brit. Sh. 8 to 20 ft. 
parted : lean (Stev. et Fish. in litt.) spines simple and 3- 
owered, pend CPovate-oblong, quite entire; racemes many- 
- vulgaris ? ulous; petals entire. h. H.. Native of Iberia. 
8* v, ibérica. D., C, syst. 2. p. 6. 
I. BergERIS. 115 
Iberian Barberry. Fi. April, May. Clt.1790. Sh. 8 to 10 ft. 
3 B. emarerna'ta (Willd. enum. 1, p- 395.) spines 3-parted ; 
leaves lanceolate-obovate, ciliately serrated; racemes scarcely 
pendulous, shorter than the leaves ; petals emarginate. h.H. 
Native of Siberia. Very like B. vulgaris, but is one half smaller 
in all its parts and with emarginate petals. 
Emarginate-petalled Barberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. 
Shrub 6 feet. 
4 B. Canave'nsis (Mill. dict. no. 2.) spines 3-parted ; leaves 
obovate-oblong, remotely serrated, upper ones nearly entire ; 
racemes many-flowered, nodding. kh. H. Native of North 
America in fertile hills and among rocks, especially in the Alle- 
ghany mountains, from Canada to Carolina, also in Tennessee. 
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 219. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 210. B. 
vulgaris, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 205. Hook fl. bor. amer. 1. 
p- 28. Shrub 3 or 4 feet high, apparently between B. vulgaris 
and B. Chinénsis. The berries are said by Pursh to be more 
acid and less fleshy than those of B. vulgaris. Nuttall says that the 
petals are emarginate. ‘The same incorrect idea too prevails in 
the United States respecting the injurious effects of the Barberry 
upon the wheat which grows in its neighbourhood. 
Canadian Barberry. Fl. April, June. Clt.1759. Sh. 4 ft. 
5 B. Sinz'nsis (Desf. cat. ed. 1804. p. 150.) spines 3-parted ; 
leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, or the lower ones are a little toothed ; 
racemes many-flowered, nodding. k.H. Native of China. 
Wats. dend. brit. t. 26. A shrub, 3 or 5 feet high. Berries 
oval, of a deep-red colour, 1-2-seeded. This plant is perhaps 
the B. vulgaris of Thunb. jap. 1. p. 146. 
China Barberry. Fl. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. . 
6. B. rtorrpu NDA (Wall. MSS.) spines 3-parted, unequal ; 
leaves obovate-lanceolate, or obovate-oblong, tapering much to 
the base, ending in a mucrone at the apex, paler beneath, 
spiny-ciliated ; racemes many-flowered, loose, solitary, pendu- 
lous ; fruit oblong. h. H. Native of Nipaul. 
Bundle-flowered Barberry. Shrub 10 feet. 
7 B. arista‘ra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 8.) lower spines 3-parted, 
upper ones simple and hardly bidentate at the base; leaves 
obovate-oblong, or lanceolate, mucronate, membranous, smooth, 
serrated with 4 or 5 spinulose teeth ; racemes nodding, many- 
flowered, longer than the leaves; pedicels trifid, 3-flowered ; 
berries oblong. h. H. Native of Nipaul. Hook exot. fl. t. 
98. Ker. bot. reg. 729. B. angustifolia, Roxb. hort. beng. 87. 
B. Chitria, Buch. in D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p.1. A species 
very like B. Sinénsis. Ovaries oblong-cylindrical, crowned by 
the very short thick style, and orbicular stigma. Leaves some- 
times quite entire. 
Amned-leaved Barberry. FI. April, May. Clt. 1820. 
8 B. aFFI'Nis ; spines 3-parted, unequal; leaves membra- 
nous, oblong-obovate, tapering to both ends, spiny-ciliated in the 
middle, but with the base and apex entire, paler beneath; | 
racemes many-flowered, erect, long, loose. R. H. Native of 
Kamoon in the East Indies. B. floribinda? Wall. MSS. 
Allied Barberry. Shrub 6 feet. 
9 B. cERATOPHY’LLA; spines strong, 3-parted, unequal ; 
leaves lanceolate, or obovately lanceolate, mucronate, tapering to 
the base, spiny-toothed ; teeth large, 2 or 3 on each side, paler 
beneath ; racemes many-flowered, loose, erect; pedicels long, 
sometimes somewhat verticillate. .H. Native of Nipaul? B. 
floribúnda ? Wall. MSS. 
Buckhorn-leaved Barberry. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 
10 B. Cre’tica (Lin. spec. 472.) spines 3-5-parted; leaves 
oval-oblong, entire, or somewhat serrated ; racemes 3-8-flowered, 
rather shorter than the leaves. h.H. Native of Crete and 
Cyprus. Fl. grec. t. 342.—Clus. hist. p. 301. —Alpin. exot. 
21. t. 20. Berries ovate, black, 2-seeded, more sour than 
acid; stigma on a very short style. 
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