PAPAVERACE#. I. Papaver. 
oblong, flat on one side, and convex on the other.—Annual, 
perennial, or suffruticose herbs, yielding white, yellow, copper- 
coloured or blood-like juice.. Roots fibrous. Leaves alternate, 
simple, sessile or stalked, usually dilated at the base, and half- 
stem-clasping, feather-nerved, generally pinnate-lobed, never truly 
entire, often glaucous. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- 
flowered, naked, inflexed before the expansion of the flower, 
usually solitary, distant, sometimes approximating in a panicle. 
Flowers very fugacious, usually large, white, yellow, red, or 
purple, but never truly blue. This order is intermediate between 
Nymphiacee and Ranunculacee, but differs from both in having 
intervalvular placentas. Sanguindria comes near to Podophyl- 
lacee. Cheliddnium and Hypécoum to F'umariacee and Cru- 
cifere, but from all these orders they are easily distinguished 
by the above characters. 
The plants of this order are better known for their medicinal 
qualities than for their beauty. Sanguindria is a neat little 
plant, well known for its crimson juice, and the emetic, purga- 
tive and anthelmintic powers of its roots. The peculiar narcotic 
power of the poppy is well known, a property which pervades 
the whole order, although in a less intense degree in all than in 
Papàver somniferum, from which, exclusively, the drug opium is 
obtained. The Mexicans use the expressed seed of Argemòne 
Mexicana for polishing furniture. The seeds of the plants of 
this order are easily introduced in a living state from any part 
` of the world, as they retain their vegetative power a consider- 
able time. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
1 Para vER. Petals 4 (f. 38. b.). Stamens indefinite. Style 
wanting. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, connected, crowning 
the top of the ovarium (f£. 38.¢.). Capsules obovate (f. 38. d.). 
2 ArcrmoNe. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Style al- 
Most wanting. Stigmas 4-5, radiating, concave, free. Capsule 
obovate, prickly, 4-5-valved. 
3 Mrcono’rsis. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style short. 
Stigmas 5-6, radiating, convex, free. Capsule obovate, smooth, 
5-6-valved. 
s 4 Styzo’pHorum. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style long. 
tigma 4-lobed. Capsules obovate, echinated, 4-valved. 
Se, Hunnema'nra. Petals 4 (f. 39. a.). Stamens indefinite. 
igma peltate, 4-furrowed, slightly 4-lobed. Capsules silique- 
oe rather compressed, 10-ribbed, 1-celled, 2-valved (f. 
ec). 
6 Sancurna'rra. Petals 8-12. 
Capsule oblong, 2-valved. 
c 7 Bocco'wra. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24. Stigmas 2. 
| apsules elliptical, 1-seeded. Seed inwrapped in soft pulp. 
Cana AAIE AYA, Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24 (f. 40. c. b.). 
p "ie many-seeded. Seeds inwrapped in soft pulp. 
Stigma a o uzta. Petals 4 (f. 41. a.). Stamens indefinite. 
silieue-t » 2 short and 2 long.(f. 41. ¢.). Capsules elongated, 
de-formed (f. 41. d.), 2-valved (f. 41. e.), 1-celled: Calyx 
l 
“Myptrate (f. 41. f.) Receptacle expanded (f. 41. b.). 
VOL. 1.— Part 11. 
Stamens 24. Stigmas 2. 
129 
10 Rome'rra. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma 1. Cap- 
sules elongated, 3-4-valved, 1-celled. 
11 Grav’cium. Petals 4. 
mellate. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, and 2-celled from the cel- 
lular dissepiment. Seed without a glandular crest. 
12 Cuetiponium. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. 
elongated, 2-valved, 1-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. 
nished with a glandular crest. 
13 Hyrr’coum. Petals 4, inner ones usually 3-lobed. Sta- 
Stigmas 2. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, knotted or 
jointed transversely. 
Stamens indefinite. Stigma bila- 
Capsules 
Seeds 
fur- 
mens 4, 
I. PAPA‘'VER (from papa, pap, or thick milk; or pappo, 
to eat of pap. The juice of the poppy was formerly used in 
children’s food to make them sleep, and in some parts of Hol- 
land they still use the seeds to produce the same effect. From 
papa the Latins changed the name of it to Papaver, the Anglo- 
Saxons to Papig, the English to Poppy, and the French to 
Pavot.) Tourn. inst. 237. t. 119. Lin. gen. no. 648. Schreb. 
gen. 881. Geert. fruct. 1. p. 289. t. 60. Juss. gen. 236. Lam. ill. 
t. 51. 
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygýnia. Sepals 2, convex, deci- 
duous (f. 38. a.). Petals 4 (f. 38. b.). Stamens indefinite. 
Style none. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, crowning the disk 
at the top of the ovary (f. 38. c.). Capsules obovate (f. 38. 
d.), l-celled, constantly with 4 to 20, carpels inclosed in 
a membranous production of the thalamus (f. 38. e.), opening 
by short valves under the crown or the stigmas. Placentas 
drawn out on the inside into incomplete dissepiments, one in the 
centre of each valve. Seeds reniform. Perennial or annual herbs, 
usually pilose, and a white juice flows from them in every part . 
when cut. Leaves pinnately lobed or cut; lobes generally cut, 
and their teeth are usually terminated by a hair. Peduncles 
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, naked, inflexed before the expan- 
sion of the flower. Flowers erect, white, red, yellow or varie- 
gated. 
§ 1. Capsules hispid. Scapes radical. 
1 P. nupicau’te (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate- 
oblong ; sepals beset with bristles ; peduncles radical, very long ; 
leaves pinnately-lobed; lobes toothed or cut, acute. XY. H. 
Native of Eastern Siberia, in the province of Argunskoi ; in the 
Altaian Alps, and in Dauria at the rivers Jngoda and Schilka ; 
also in barren grounds of North America, from lat. 64° to lat. 
69°. every where upon the shores throughout the whole breadth 
of the continent and in the islands. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1633.— 
Dill. hort. elth. 302. t.224. f. 291. Petals yellow, rarely white. 
Stigmas 6-12. 
‘ar. B, glabratum (D. C. syst. 2. 
u.H. Native of Eastern Siberia. 
smooth. 
Var. y, radicàtum (D.C. 1. c.) 4. H. P. nudicaile, Oed. 
fl. dan. t. 41. P. radicàtum, Rottb. ex Horn. in litt. Native 
of Norway, rare; Greenland, and Unalaschka. A small very 
hairy plant, with a distinct habit, but without character. 
Naked-stemmed Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Cit. 1730. Pi. 3 ft. 
2 P. ruBRo-AuRANTIacuM (Fisch, in litt. bot. mag. t. 2344.) 
capsules hispid, obovate-oblong ; sepals bristly ; peduncles radi- 
cal, very long, covered with appressed hairs; leaves pinnately 
lobed ; lobes cut, lobules terminated by a bristle. .H. Na- 
tive of Dauria. P. nudicaúle ò, rubro-aurantiacum, D.C. 1. c. 
Red-orange-flowered Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 3 ft. 
3 P. microca’rrum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 71.) capsules hispid, 
S 
p. 70. prod. 1. p. 118.) 
Leaves and scapes nearly 
