PAPAVERACEZ£. 
natifid ; lobes cut, lobules each terminated bya bristle. ©. H. 
Native of Armenia. Ker. bot. reg. t.134. P. virgatum, Smith, 
in Rees’ cycl. no. 9. Plant glaucous and hispid with spreading, 
stiff, bristle-like, yellowish hairs, branching. A splendid branch- 
ing species, with numerous red flowers.. Stigmas 5-6. 
Abundant-flowered Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1815. 
16 P. no’RRIpum (D.C. syst. 
2. p. 79.) capsules smooth, elliptic. FIG. 38. 
sepals hispid; stem few-flowered, 
hispid with stiff bristles; leaves 
somewhat stem-clasping, glaucous, 
sinuately pinnatifid; lobules bristly 
Pl. 1 ft. 
a 
b 
l 
NA 
dW 
E N WÙ a OD, NP 
F 
at the top of the nerves. ©. H. vA "eT 
Native of New Holland. Deless. W ¥ j 
icon. sel. 2. t.6. Sweet, fl. gard. Ws Nf pa 
t.173. Like P. setigerum. Flower = Wy; 
of abrick-colour. The whole plant 
is covered with bristles except the 
capsules. Stigma 8-rayed. 
Horrid or New Holland Poppy. 
Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1825. Pll fi. 
17 P. Garter num (Burch, cat. 
geogr. pl. afri. austr. no. 1633.) ‘ 
capsules smooth, obovate-oblong ; sepals bristly ; stem many- 
flowered, rough, with innumerable bristles ; leaves sessile, hispid, 
sinuately-pinnatifid ; lobes distant, ovate. ©.H. Native of 
South Africa at the river Gariep or Orange-river. Like P. hór- 
ridum. Petals of a scarlet-orange colour. Stigmas 8-rayed. 
River Gariep Poppy. Fil. Jul. Aug. Pl. 3-4 feet. 
ws P. ORIENTA LE (Lin. spec. 727.) capsules smooth, some- 
i at globose ; sepals pilose; stem 1-flowered, scabrous, and 
ealy ; leaves pinnate-parted, hispid ; lobes oblong, serrated. 
y He Native of Armenia about Erzerum. Curt. bot. mag. t. 
rod. spe ndifòrum, Moench. meth. 247. P. spectabile, Sal. 
Pa - 377. This beautiful plant is very frequent in gardens, 
. ere it 1s a great ornament. Flowers large, one on each stem, 
oa intense scarlet or blood-colour, usually furnished with a 
owe purple mark at the bottom of each petal. A double 
nerally Sf variety ıs sometimes seen in the gardens. Calyx ge- 
of 2 y o 3 sepals as in Argemòõne, not as in the rest of Papàver, 
this ms s. Stigmas usually 12, violet. The green heads of 
p easent are eaten by the Turks, although they possess an un- 
the «: acrid, and somewhat stinging taste. This may probably 
On species that yields the Turkey opium? 
we Poppy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1714. Pl. 2-3 feet. 
with brace ACTEA tum (Lindl. coll. t. 23.) flowers furnished 
pilose a a eas, 4-5 petalled ; capsules, smooth, obovate; sepals 
ractens em simple, 1-flowered, scabrous and leafy ; leaves and 
Native Prue Parted, hispid ; lobes oblong, serrated. YJ. H. 
of moams; aucasus near Mount Beschtau, and on the sides 
the hairs ork Very like P., orientale, but truly distinct, from 
ing, also fro e calyx and peduncles being appressed, not spread- 
~ pulehé m its flowering a little earlier. Ker. bot. reg. t. 658. 
orientale Tee Fisch. in litt. Sepals usually 3, as in P. 
one of the 1s 18 the most splendid of all the poppies, and is 
arge, sear greatest ornaments of borders when in flower. Flowers 
mark at th et, one on the top of each stem, usually with a dark 
e bottom of each petal ; stigmas 12-16, violet. 
Tract - z 
Fault flowered Poppy. Fl. May, June. Clt, 1817. 
* PILO SUM 
Pl. 
s sepals (Smith, fl. grec. t. 492.) capsules smooth, 
ing pili; lee puose ; stem many-flowered, hairy, with spread- 
i Nati es p'em- clasping, cut, pilose on both surfaces. 
the size of P jii Bithynia on Mount Olympus. Plant about 
owers are pa eniferum, but pale green, not glaucous, also the 
| about the same size, of a pale lurid-scarlet, or of an 
I. Papaver. 131 
intense orange colour, with a white mark at the bottom of each 
petal. Stigmas 6-8. 
Pilose Poppy. Fl. July. P]. 2 to 3 feet. 
21 P. setri Gerum (D.C. fl. fr. 5. p. 585.) capsules smooth, 
obovate; sepals rather setose; stem smooth, few-flowered ; 
leaves stem-clasping, glaucous, inciso-repand, each tooth termi- 
nated by a bristle. ©. H. Native of the Stoechades Islands. 
Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 7. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 172. Perhaps this is 
only the wild plant of P. somniferum, var. nigrum, which it very 
much resembles. Flowers of a violet colour or whitish. Stig- 
mas 6-8-rayed. 
Bristle-bearing Poppy. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl.1 to 2 ft. 
22 P. somnrrerum (Lin. spec. 736.) capsules obovate or 
globose, and are as well as the calyx smooth; stem smooth, 
glaucous ; leaves stem-clasping, repand-toothed ; teeth bluntish. 
©.H. Native of the Morea, Egypt, Asia, Europe from Por- 
tugal to Petersburgh, in fields, Japan, Mauritius, &c. &c. Lam. 
ill. t. 451. Smith, fl. græc. t. 491. 
Var. a, nigrum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 82. prod. 1. p. 120.) cap- 
sules globose opening by holes under the stigmas; seeds black ; 
peduncles many. Bull. herb. t. 57. Petals usually purple, 
sometimes white, and therefore it is perhaps referable to the 
oleiferous plant called Œilette. The seed of this variety is 
commonly called Maw-seed. 
Var. B, album (D. C.1.¢.) capsules ovate-globose, not opening 
by holes under the stigmas; peduncles solitary; seeds and 
petals white. Woodv. med. bot. t. 185. Smith, engl. bot. 2145. 
A very variable plant about 3 or 4 feet high, very common in 
fields and gardens. The flowers are either single, semi-double 
or double, in variety p, white or red, with petals sometimes 
fringed, in variety a, purple, rose, or lilac, variegated and edged 
with the same colours, never blue nor yellow, nor mixed with 
these colours, generally with a black or purple mark at the bottom 
of each petal. Petals either entire, toothed, or fringed. Seeds 
black in the plants with purple flowers, white in those with white 
flowers, but the plant which grows spontaneous about Peters- 
burgh has white flowers and black seeds. From the white- 
seeded variety, and probably from both, opium is obtained from 
the heads by incision and sometimes by expression. There is 
also an esculent oil obtained from the seeds of both varieties by 
expression. According to Linnæus a capsule of Papaver som- 
niferum contained 32,000 seeds. 
Papaver Somniferum is originally a native of the warmer parts 
of Asia, but is sometimes found apparently wild in Britain. It is 
often cultivated in gardens for the variety and beauty of its 
blossoms as well as for its seeds. Many attempts have been 
made in this country to obtain opium from its capsules, and 
Mr. Ball obtained a premium from the Society of Arts for spe- 
cimens of British opium, in no respect inferior to the best eastern 
opium. Mr. Young, a respectable surgeon in Edinburgh, has 
also obtained it of excellent quality and in considerable quantity. 
But we apprehend the climate, besides the destruction by insects, 
is an insuperable obstacle to its becoming a profitable branch of 
horticulture in Britain. It was very early cultivated in Greece, 
perhaps at first solely for the sake of its seed, which was used as 
food. It is extensively cultivated in most of the states of Europe 
in the present age, not only on account of the opium, for which it 
is reared in Turkey, Persia, and India, but also on account of 
the capsules and of the bland oil obtained from the seeds. All 
the parts of the poppy abound in a narcotic milky juice, which 
is partially extracted, together with a considerable quantity of 
mucilage by decoction. The liquor is strongly pressed out, 
suffered to settle, clarified with white of eggs and evaporated to 
a due consistence, yields about one-fifth or one-sixth of the weight 
of the heads of extract, which possesses the virtues of opium in 
a very inferior degree, and does not come to this country unless 
S 2 
