146 
cronulate ; fructiferous pedicels erect, longer than the bracteas ; 
racemes short; stems rather erect; leaves supra-decompound ; 
lobes linear, flat. ©. H. Native of France in sandy fields 
about Paris, Montpelier, &c. Vaill. bot. par. 56. t. 10. f. 6. 
Very like F. parviflòra, but the branches are erect, not spreading 
nor procumbent, and the whole plant is more glaucous, and the 
flowers of a deeper purple colour. 
Vaillant’s Fumitory. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 4 ft. 
11 F. pexsirLoRa (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 113. syst. 2. p. 
137.) pods globose ; fructiferous pedicels erect, longer than the 
bracteas; racemes dense ; calyx toothed ; stems erectish ; leaves 
supra-decompound, lobes linear, thickish. ©. H. Native about 
Montpelier in stony fields and on walls. Flowers of an intense 
purple colour but occasionally white. 
Dense-flowered Fumitory. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 ft. 
+ A species not sufficiently known. 
12 F. micra’ntua (Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 21.) ©. H. Na- 
tive of Spain in fields near Tudela and about Murcia. Leaves 
pinnately-decompound, linear, very narrow; calyx cordate- 
rounded, broader than the tube of the corolla (Lag.). Flowers 
pale purple. 
Small-flowered Fumitory. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. 
Cult. The species are mostly weedy-looking plants, and are 
scarcely worth cultivating. The annual kinds should be sown 
in the open border, and treated as other hardy annuals, except 
F. mèdia, capreolata, and turbinata, which are really worth cul- 
tivating; these should be sown under a hedge, where they will 
climb up and make a very beautiful appearance. F. corymbosa 
will do well if planted in rock-work. 
VIII. DISCOCA’PNOS (ĉoxoc, discos, a disk ; xarvoc, kap- 
nos, the Greek name for Fumitory ; wing in the centre of orbi- 
cular flat capsule). Schlecht. in Linnea 1. p. 569. 
Lin. syst. Diadélphia, Hexdndria. Flowers of Fumaria. 
Capsule orbicular, flat, membranous, with a nerve running through 
the middle on both sides from the base to the style, mucronate, 
1-celled, girded by a wing in the centre, perepheric, indehiscent, 
1-seeded. Seed lenticular, compressed, finely granulated, shin- 
ing. This genus differs from Fumaria, Sect I. Platycdpnos, in 
the fruit being membranous, and girded bya wing. A glaucous 
herb, with bipinnate-tendrilled leaves ; segments wedge-shaped, 
cut. Racemes opposite the leaves, stalked, 5-8-flowered. Flowers 
red, with an obtuse spur. 
1 D. Mv’xprn (Schlect. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of Cape of Good 
Hope. Fumaria Mandtii, Spreng. syst. app. p. 264. - 
Mundt’s Discocapnos. Fl. Aug. Pl. cl. 
Cult. This plant only requires to be sown in the open ground 
in April, and treated as other hardy annuals. 
Orver XIV. CRUCIFERZ (from crux, crucis, a cross, 
and fero, to bear; in allusion to the four petals being disposed 
cross-wise). (f. 45. 0. f. 48. e. f. 49. a. f. 50. b.) Juss. gen. 237. 
D. C. syst. 2. p. 139. prod. 1. p. 131. Adans. fam. 2. p. 409. 
Calyx of 4 sepals (f. 45. n. f. 50. c.) Petals 4, alternate with 
the sepals, disposed cross-wise, constantly distinct and free (f. 
45.0. f. 51. e.). Stamens 6, (f. 45. h. g. f. 49. e.c.) the two in 
front of the lateral sepals are solitary, and shorter than the rest 
(f. 45. g. f. 49. c. f. 51. c.) and are inserted lower down, the 4 
longest approximate in pairs (f. 45. g. f. 49. e. f. 50. a.) in front of 
the other sepals. Anthers 2-celled, bursting inwards (f. 49. e.) 
Receptacle small, bearing a few glands between the stamens and 
the petals. Carpels 2, c'osely connected together by one pistil 
(f. 47. fe m. &c.). Ovary 1 (f. 49. d.) short, or elongated, 
FUMARIACEÆ. VIII. 
CRUCIFERÆ. 
DiscocaPnos. 
those with the short ovary are usually crowned by a short 
style (f. 51. b.) Stigmas 2, approximate (f. 46. l. g. &c.) or 
spreading (f. 46. n. &c.); siliques (f. 47. f. $c.) (long pods) or 
silicles (f. 46. h. &c.) (short pods) usually 2-celled, 2-valved (f. 
46. h. &c.), very rarely 1-celled (f. 47. d. §c.). The cells are 
usually separated by a thin dissepiment situated vertically, and 
girded by a placentarious nerve (f. 46. r.). Seeds in each cell, 1 
(f. 47. b.) 2 or numerous, (f. 46. l.) fixed to both sides of the 
placenta (f. 46. g.) usually pendulous (f. 46. l f. 47. b. §¢.) 
rarely solitary from abortion (f. 47.d. h.) always hanging by an 
umbilical thread, which is usually free (f. 47. b. &c.). Albumen 
wanting. Embryo oily, curved. Radicle terete, tending to the um- 
bilicus. Cotyledons 2, opposite (f. 45. 7.), inclining various ways 
above the radicle, which are explained in the characters of the 
tribes. l 
This order consists of annual, perennial or biennial herbs, rarely 
suffrutescent, stems, however, never exceeding the height of three 
feet, the perennials have thick roots, the biennials and annuals have 
slender roots, usually perpendicular and undivided. The young 
roots are tipped with a little sheath, called the Coleorhiza, which 
is produced by the extended ruptured coat of the epidermis, when 
the rootlets first appear. The stems are round and somewhat 
angular, branched, and often, even in the annual species, indurated 
at the base. The branches rise from the axille of the leaves, 
but the uppermost ones are abortive in the annual species. Ra- 
cemes usually opposite to the leaves, sometimes the terminal 
branch is abortive, when the raceme appears to be terminal, but 
this is merely owing to that circumstance. The leaves are sim- 
ple, usually radical or alternate, rarely opposite, as in Eundmia 
and Lunaria, feather-nerved, entire toothed, pinnatifid, lyrate or 
variously dissected, the lower ones usually stalked, the upper- 
most ones sessile. Flowers white, yellow, or purple, but in 
some species of Heliéphila they are blue ; they are mostly sweet 
scented, and easily changed to double. Flowering racemes at 
first sub-corymbose (f. 49.), at length much elongated (f. 51.) 
This order differs from Papaverdcee and Fumariacee in the 
calyx being of 4 sepals, not 2, as well as in the seeds being des 
titute of albumen. It differs from Resedace@ in the seeds being 
furnished with an umbilical cord, from Datiscee in the seeds 
being destitute of albumen, and from Capparidee in the receptacle 
not being hemispherical nor elongated, as well as in pods being 
furnished with a dissepiment, and in the very different habit of the 
plants, and the disposition of the stamina. The plants contained 
in this order are chiefly confined to the temperate zones ; their 
station is variable, many inhabit open sandy places, some form 
the vegetation about'the limits of perpetual snows of lofty moun- 
tains, and many follow the footsteps of man through all parts of 
the world. The seeds of all the species retain their vegetative 
power a considerable time, therefore they may be introduced 1 
a living state from any part of the world. 
. The plants of this class have always been celebrated for 
their anti-scorbutic qualities. These seem to reside in an act! 
oily volatile principle, and varying in the degree of abundance . 
in which it is found in different species. It is particularly abu” 
dant in the seeds of mustard and garden-rocket, in the roots? 
