188 
called upon the Continent Cran, Cran de Bretagne, Le Grand 
Raifort, (Fr.) Reeredyck, (Germ.) Ramolaccio, (Ital.) The root 
of this plant has a pungent smell, and a penetrating acrid taste ; 
and it also contains a sweet juice, which sometimes exudes upon 
the surface. Einhoff has discovered that the acrimony of horse- 
radish is owing to a volatile oil of a pale yellow colour, and 
which has the consistence of oil of cinnamon. The liquid ob- 
tained from the root gave traces of sulphur by distillation. The 
tincture deposits crystals of sulphur, which are of a yellow 
colour, and when exposed to flame exhale a peculiar sulphuric fla- 
vour; this is no doubt the case with all cruciferous plants. Both 
water and alcohol extract its virtues by infusion. By drying it loses 
all its acrimony, becoming first sweetish, and afterwards almost 
insipid ; if kept in a cool place, such as a shed or cellar, covered 
with sand or dry earth, it retains its pungency for a considerable 
time. It is an extremely penetrating stimulus. It excites the 
solids, and promotes the fluid secretions. It has frequently been 
of service in some kinds of scurvy and other chronic disorders, 
and is sometimes recommended in dropsies, particularly those 
which sometimes follow intermittent fevers. It is saidealso to 
excite appetite when the stomach is weakened or relaxed. Taken 
in considerable quantities, it provokes vomiting. Thomas Ber- 
tholini extols its virtues in the stone from experience: he affirms 
the juice of horse-radish dissolved a calculus of stony concretion 
that was taken out of a human body. An infusion of it in cold 
milk makes one of the safest and best cosmetics. The root 
scraped into shreds is a well-known accompaniment of English 
roast beef. 
Two excellent modes of cultivating the horse-radish have 
lately been described in the Horticultural Society’s Trans- 
actions by Knight andJudd. Both agree in trenching the soil to 
a considerable depth, and putting the manure at the bottom of 
the trench; but Knight plants the sets on the surface, and cal- 
` culates on the root.that strikes down to the dung for produce. 
Judd, on the other hand, makes holes quite to the bottom of his 
trenched soil, and in each drops a set, filling up the hole with 
wood-ashes, rotten tan, or sand, calculating for produce on the 
shoots made from the set at the bottom of the hole up through the 
sand or ashes to the surface. Either mode will do extremely well. 
The following excel'ent instruction is given by J. Knight in 
Hort. Trans. 1. p. 207. 
“ Horse-radish thrives best in deep, soft, sandy loam, that is 
not very dry in summer nor inundated in winter ; the situation 
must beopen. During winter trench the ground three feet deep, 
and in the following February procure the sets, in the choice of 
which take the strongest crowns or leading buds, cutting them 
about two inches long. Mark out the ground, four feet beds, 
and one foot alleys, then take from the first bed nine inches of the 
top soil, laying it upon the adjoining bed, after which take out an 
opening at one end of the bed, in the common way of trenching, 
15 inches deep from the present surface, then level the bottom, 
upon which plant a row of sets across the bed at nine inches apart 
each way, with their crowns upright; afterwards dig the next 
trench the same width and depth, turning the earth into the first 
trench over the row of sets, thus proceeding trench after trench 
to the end for as many beds as are wanted. The plants must 
be kept clear of weeds during summer, and as soon as the leaves 
decay in autumn, let them be carefully raked off with a wooden- 
toothed rake ; in the following February 18 inches of the earth 
of the unplanted bed must be laid as light as possible and equally 
over the beds that are planted, then trench and plant the vacant 
beds as before directed. The following autumn the first planted 
horse-radish may be taken up by opening a trench at one end of 
the bed to the bottom of the roots, so that the sticks or roots of 
horse-radish may be taken upfentire and sound, which for size 
and quality will be such as have not.been seen, The following 
CRUCIFERZ. XXXV. COCHLEARIA. 
February the one year old crop will require additional earth as 
before directed, which must of course be taken from those beds 
which are now vacant, which when done, if the’ ground appears 
poor or unlikely to produce another vigorous crop, they must 
have a coat of manure.” ‘ Upon every alternate bed, which is not 
planted, a dwarf annual crop may be grown, such as spinach or 
radishes.” A moist soil increases its bitter and alkaline flavour., 
Common Horse-radish. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. 2 feet. 
5 C. macroca’rpa (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p.101. t. 184.) 
pods ellipsoid; radical leaves large, oblong, crenated, cauline 
ones lanceolate-toothed ; teeth cartilaginous ; root fleshy ; sepals 
erect. 4%. H. Native of Hungary and Transylvania in humid 
meadows or marshes. Armoracia macrocarpa, Baumg. fl. transyl. 
2. p. 240. Cochl. crassifòlia, Willd. herb. Flowers and fruit 
a little larger than those of Cochl. armoràcia, and the taste of the 
root is less acrid. It may be used in the same manner. 
Large-podded Horse-radish. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. Pl. 2 ft. 
6 C. microca’rpa (D.C. syst. 2. p. 362.) pods globose ; leaves 
oblong, auriculately-stem-clasping at the base, toothed. XY. H. 
Native of Siberia at Krivoluka. C. armoràcia? Pall. herb. 
C. Altàica, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined. Habit 
of Myàgrum Austriacum or Lepidium Draba. Stem branched. 
Pods small. 
Small-podded Horse-radish. Pl. 1 foot. 
Sect. III. Co'cmLear (for derivation see genus; form of 
leaves). D.C. syst. 2. p. 362. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicles of 
various forms, but never emarginate at the top. Style very 
short or wanting altogether. Spreading plants, with usually 
kidney-shaped hollow leaves. Flowers white or tinged with purple. 
7 C. GLASTIFO LIA (Lin. spec. 904.) silicles somewhat globose ; 
cauline leaves cordately-sagittate, stem-clasping, acuminated, 
entire. &.H. Native about Ratisbon, in Dauphiny in fields, 
in the gardens of Corsica, in Portugal on the banks of Douro. 
Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1804. t. 181.—Lob. icon. t. 321. f. 2.— 
Mor. oxon. 2. p. 312. sect. 3. t.21. f. 3. A smooth, branched, 
glaucous herb. 
Woad-leaved Scurvy-Grass. 
1 ta 3 feet. 
8 C. oproneiFo'ria (D. C. syst. 2. p. 363.) pods roundish 
one-half shorter than the pedicels ; cauline leaves oblong, entire, 
sessile, upper ones with very short auricles. 2. H. Petals 
twice the length of the calyx. 
Var. a, Draba cochlearioides (Langsdorf, from Fisch. in litt.) 
Native of the islands of St. Paul, St. Laurence, and Unalaschka. 
Var. B, Cochlearia A’nglica e Kamtschatka (Pall. in herb. 
Willd.) Cochl. Kamtschatica, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. Native 
of Kamtschatka. A smooth, branching, fleshy herb, Leaves 
more narrowed towards the base. Flowers smaller. 
Oblong-leaved Scurvy-Grass, Fl. April, May. Pl. 4 foot. 
9 C. A’nexica (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate, sub-globose, 
netted with veins, twice as short as the pedicels ; radical leaves 
stalked, ovate, entire, cauline ones oblong, toothed. ©. H. 
Native of Britain, Norway, Lapland, &c. on the muddy sea- 
shore, and about the mouths of large rivers. Oed. fl. dan. t. 
329. Smith, eng. bot. 552. Coch]. Groenlandica, Gun. norv. 
no. 196. Cochl. ovalifdlia, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 436. 
_ English Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May. Britain, Plant variable 
in size. 
10 C. orricina‘tis (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate-globose, 
twice as short as the pedicels; ‘radical leaves stalked, cordate, 
cauline ones ovate, toothed, angular. ¢.H. Native on the 
sea-coast, in stony or muddy situations, abundantly throughout 
North Europe; plentiful in Britain, Oed. fl. dan. t. 135. 
Woody. med. bot. 1. p. 86. t. 29. Smith, eng. bot. t. 551. 
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. PI. 
