218 
taste of plants). D.C. syst. 2. p. 533. prod. 1. p. 204. Silicle 
somewhat orbicular, emarginate, with navicular valves, which 
are winged on their back (f. 47. a.) _Cotyledons parted. - 
9 L. sativum (Lin. spec. 899.) pods orbicular, winged ; leaves 
variously cut and divided; branches not spiny. ©.H. Na- 
tive of Persia and the island of Cyprus, in corn-fields. Smith, fi. 
grec, t. 616. Bois. fl. eur. t. 440. f. 2. Schkuhr. handb. 2. 
no. 1782. t. 180. Thlaspi sativum, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 21. Lépia 
sativa, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165. Herb erect, branched, 
smooth, somewhat glaucous. 
Var. B, crispum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 534.) leaves much cut and 
curled. Nastúrtium crispum, J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 913. f. 1.— 
Mor. oxon. 2. p. 801. sect. 3.t.19. f. 3. 
Var. y, latifolium (D.C. 1. c.) leaves flat, little divided.— 
Mor. oxon. 2. p. 300. sect. 3. t. 19. f. 2. 
Garden-cress (Eng.), Cresson (Fr.), Gemeine kresse (Germ.), 
Creseione (Ital.). 
“ This is cultivated in gardens for the young leaves, which are 
used in salads, and have a peculiarly warm and grateful relish. 
It ranks among gardeners as the principal of small salads. The 
varieties are as follows, viz. 1. The common plain-leaved ; prin- 
cipally cultivated. 2. The curled-leaved, var. 8, above, is 
equally good as a salad, and preferable as a garnish. The broad- 
Jeaved var. y above, is less cultivated as a salad, but grown in 
fields for rearing young turkeys, &c. 
“ All the varieties are raised from seed, of which one ounce, 
or one-eighth of a pint, will suffice for a bed four feet by four 
feet. Cress should be raised three or four times every month, 
as it may be in demand to have crops delicately young in succes- 
sion. For culture in the open garden begin in the first, second, 
or third week in March, as a forward spring may bring mild 
weather or otherwise ; allot some warm situation for the early 
spring sowings, and if the weather take a cold turn, either put 
on a spare frame or cover with matting between sunset and sun- 
rise. When spring is confirmed, sow in any open compartment. 
At the beginning of summer the same ; but in hot dry weather 
either sow in a shady border, or if the situation be open, shade 
with mats in the middle of the day. For autumn sowings, when 
cold weather is approaching, allot some warm border and give 
occasional protection. When crops are in demand through- 
out winter, either sow in a moderate hot-bed, or in cradles to be 
placed in astove; pans filled with rotten tan are to be preferred 
to pots or boxes with mould. From the last fortnight of October 
till the 1st of March, it will be almost fruitless to sow in the 
open garden ; but a terrace sloping south under a frame, may be 
used at the decline of the year and most early part of spring, 
as the intermediate step between the open garden and hot-bed, 
if more within the means at command. During this interval, 
some market-gardeners sow it just within the glasses which 
cover larger plants.” ‘ The cress is often raised on porous 
earthenware vessels of a conical form, having small gutters on 
the sides for retaining the seeds. These are called pyramids ; 
they are somewhat ornamental in winter, and afford repeated 
gatherings. 
“ Having allotted a fine piece of mellow soil to receive the 
seed, dig the surface, and rake it finally preparatory to sowing, 
which mostly perform in small, flat, shallow drills, four, five, 
or six inches asunder. Sow the seed very thick, and earth over 
very lightly, or but just thinly cover. Give occasional waterings 
in dry seasons.” 
“« To gather cress in perfection, cut them while moderately 
young, either clean to the root, or only the tops of advanced 
plants. These last will shoot again for future gatherings, but 
the leaves will be hotter, and not so mild or tender as those of 
younger plants.” 
To save seed.—Either sow a portion in the spring for that 
1 
CRUCIFERA. LXX. Leripivum. 
purpose, or leave some rows of any overgrown old crop in April 
or May. The plants will yield seed in autumn, 
Cultivated or Common Garden Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 
1548. Pl. 1 to 14 foot. 
10 L. sprnz’scens (D. C. syst. 2. p. 534.) pods oval, 
winged, emarginate (f. 47. a.); leaves cut at the top; racemes 
spinescent at the top. ©? H. Native of Syria about Damas- 
cus. A smooth, branched herb. Cotyledons as in L. oleràceum 
incumbent, 3-parted. Stems whitish. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 72. 
Fructiferous racemes spiny at the top. 
Spinescent Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 15 
foot. 
Sect. V. Le'pra (from Aeric, lepis, a scale; form of silicles). 
D.C. syst. 2. p. 534. prod. 1. p. 204, Silicle somewhat orbi- 
cular, emarginate, with navicular, winged valves ; wings adhering 
to the style ; style very short. Cotyledons entire. 
11 L. campr’stre (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. 
p. 465.) pods ovate, winged, emarginate, scaly ; cauline leaves 
sagittate, toothed. ©.H. Native of cultivated fields and by 
way-sides in Europe from Spain to Sweden, from England to 
Turkey, and in Tauria ; plentiful in Britain. Thlaspi campéstre, 
Lin. spec. 902. Vahl. fl. dan. t. 1221. Curt. lond. 5. t. 45. Smith, 
engl. bot. t. 1385. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1793. t. 180. Thlaspt 
hirsttum, var. a. Lam. fl. fr. ed. 1. vol. 2. p.465. Thlaspi mon- 
tanum, Poir. dict. 7. p. 536. Lépia campéstris, Desv. journ. bot. 
3. p. 165. The whole herb is grey from small, simple, crowded 
hairs. Stem erect, simple at the base and branched at the top. 
Var. B, subglabrum (D.C. syst. 2. p. 335.) leaves smooth ; 
pods ellipticalk—Mor. oxon. 2. p. 293. sect. 3. t. 17. f. 13. 
Pet. brit. t. 50. f. 8. Native of Spain in the mountains of 
Leon, also in England in cultivated fields near Warrington. — 
Var. y, hirtum (Huds. ang. 281.) plant rather hairy. Native 
of England in corn-fields near Bath. 
Field Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3ft 
12 L. nrrRTUM (Smith, compen. ed. 3. p. 98. engl. bot. t. 1803.) 
pods ovate, winged, emarginate, hairy ; cauline leaves sagittate, 
villous, almost entire. 2/. or ¢.H. Native in fields and hilly 
ground in many parts of the south of Europe, particularly in 
Spain about Madrid, and in Valencia; in the olive region 0 
France; in Italy, south of Austria, Transylvania, and Sicily ; 
in Britain, in mountainous situations in Wales and elsewhere ; 
Scotland, in Perthshire near the seat of the Earl of Kinnoul, 
and by the river Earn; in Angusshire between Brichen and 
Montrose; at Browston in Suffolk. Thldspi hirtum, Lin. spec. 
901. Medik. nov. gen. t. 2. f. 18. Thláspi hirsttum £, Lam. fl. 
fr. 2. p. 465. Lèpia hirta, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Lepia 
Bonnaniana, Presl. ex Sprehg. Very like the preceding species. 
Hairy Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 4 
to = foot. 
13 L. te1oca’rpum (D.C. syst. 2. p. 536.) pods oval, winged, 
emarginate, smooth, boat-shaped. ©? H. Native of mount 
Lebanon. Flowers and cauline leaves unknown. Seed like those 
of L. hirtum. Radical leaves lanceolate. 
Smooth-podded Mithridate Pepperwort. Pl. 1 to 3 foot. 
14 L. rotu’xpum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 537.) pods oval, winged, 
emarginate, smooth ; cauline leaves lanceolate-linear, somewhat 
fleshy, smooth.—Native of New Holland at King George’s 
Sound. Lépia rotfnda, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p- 166 and 181. 
Stem slender, branched from the base. Flowers unknown. 
Seeds large, brown. Cotyledons thick. 
Round Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 foot. 
15 L. sprnosum (Lin. mant. 253.) pods oblong, winged, emar- 
ginate, somewhat 2-horned, smooth; radical leaves pinnate ; 
lobes cut. ©.H. Native of the Levant. Ard. specim. 2. p. 
34. t. 16. Capsélla spindsa, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 46. 
