CRUCIFERZ. LXXXIII. Brassica. 
sown in July, they will begin to shew their heads about the latter 
end of the month. If the weather is dry, make a hollow or 
basin round the roots of these plants, into which pour a quantity 
of water; by this means their growth will be accelerated, and 
the heads will become much larger. Plant those Cabbage-Cole- 
worts which were sown about the end of July, about the middle 
or end of this month, in a sheltered part of the garden: plant in 
rows about seven or eight inches apart, the rows about a foot 
distant. Some of these will be fit for use about Christmas. 
Prick out those Cabbage plants which were sown about the 
middle or latter end of August in nursery-beds in a piece of 
good ground in a sheltered situation, well dug and divided into 
beds; plant four or five inches apart, give a moderate watering 
if the weather is dry three or four times for the first ten days. 
About the first or second week of this month the last crop of Bro- 
coli should be finally transplanted into a warm situation, and they 
should be planted in rows about a foot and a half apart, and about 
the same distance from each other in the row. Hoe the ground 
and draw the earth round the stems of the former crops of Brocoli. 
10 October. The Cauliflowers sown in August and beginning 
of September will now be fit to -prick out in beds, where they 
are to remain during winter ; prepare a piece of ground of the 
same size and form as recommended last month, in a sheltered 
but not in a shaded situation ; plant about four inches apart 
each way, water and settle the mould about their roots, place a 
frame over them if such can be spared, exposing them as much 
as possible in good weather, covering them when frost or heavy 
cold rain is apprehended. Guard against the attacks of mice 
and slugs. Ifa frame cannot be had, prick them out in the 
Same way under a wall or paling, sloping the ground in digging 
towards the sun, or they may be protected in beds on a warm 
Spot, covered occasionally with mats, supported by hoops; in 
either case let them enjoy a free circulation of air, and to be 
kept as dry as possible. Store Cauliflowers as directed. Plant 
out finally towards the end of the month early Cabbage plants, 
for cabbaging early in the following summer, in a good spot of 
ground well manured and trenched, make ridges and plant be- 
tween them, and in wet ground even on the top of the ridges. 
If both survive the winter, make the one row make good the 
other, preferring to leave the row at the bottom of the ridge, 
these last are most likely to be preserved, as they wil be shel- 
tered from the cutting winds. The Brassica tribe seldom suc- 
ceed if planted twice in the same ground. Plant in rows about 
two feet apart each way. Some of the early Cabbage plants 
should be allowed to remain in the nursery-beds till January or 
ebruary, for in many instances the plants that are planted out 
early are destroyed by the frost, should this take place, then 
ave recourse to the nursery-beds to supply their places. If 
any Cabbage plants remain in the seed-beds, remove them into 
the nursery-beds in the beginning of the month, to gain strength 
to endure the ensuing frosts. Clear the crops of Brocoli from 
weeds, and mould them up for winter; prefer a dry day for this 
operation. The crops of Brussels-sprouts should be treated in 
the same manner. l 
11 November. Admit free air every fine day to the Cauli- 
flowers, in fine dry weather during the day-time by wholly re- 
moving the glasses, tilting them only in wet weather; clear off 
the dead leaves and keep them free from weeds ; those plants 
pader bell or hand-glasses require the same treatment, draw a 
ittle earth round their stalks. Where Cauliflower plants were 
neglected to be pricked out last month, let it be done as early in 
t iis pooh as possible. Planting Cabbages for next spring use 
ould be finished as early in this month as possible, that they 
may become sufficiently rooted before severe weather sets in; 
the weakest plants may remain in the seed-bed during winter, 
0 make up vacancies in the plantations in spring. 
VOL, I.—PART. III. 
241 
12 December. Treat Cauliflowers as directed last month ; 
keeping free from frost, damp, and slugs, admitting free air in 
good weather. 
2 B. campr’stris (Lin. spec. 931.) leaves rather fleshy, 
covered with glaucous bloom; first ones rather hispid or 
ciliated, lyrate, toothed ; the rest cordate, stem-clasping, acumi- 
nated, partly pinnatifid. &.H. Native of Britain, Lapland, 
Spain, ‘Transylvania, and in the Crimea in fields. 
* A. oleifera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 588.) root fusiform, slen- 
der ; stem elongated. ©.H. Smith, eng. bot. 2224. Dalech. 
lugd. 523. Native of Britain, Lapland, &c. in fields, and about 
the banks of rivers and ditches. Wild navew. Pet. hort. brit. t. 
45. f. 9. Stem 2 feet high. Flowers yellow, corymbose. Col- 
sat, Colsa, or Colza, Pomet. hist. drog. p. 17. f. 2- Chou de 
Champs Navetie (Fr.) Coleseed, Wild Navew or Navette 
(Eng.) 
This plant is very extensively cultivated in Belgium, Switzerland, 
and Germany for food for sheep, and for the seed to be pressed for 
its oil. It is sometimes sown broad-cast, but it is alleged, that trans- 
planting has many advantages ; one is, that the seed-bed occupies 
but little room, whilst the land which is to carry the general crop 
is bearing corn. In the latter end of September, or second week 
of November, the plants are put in with the dibble or the plough 
without apprehending any miscarriage. The seed-bed is usually 
sown in July or August. In October, or sooner, the stubble is 
ploughed over, manured, and ploughed again. The plants are 
dibbled into the seams of the ploughing (each furrow being 12 
inches broad) and are set out 12 inches distance in the rows. In- 
stead of dibbling upon a second ploughing, in many cases they lay 
the plants at the proper distances across the furrow, and as the 
plough goes forward the roots are covered, and a woman fol- 
lows to set them a little up, and give them a firmness in the 
ground where necessary. After the frost in spring, the inter- 
vals are weeded and hand-hoed, and the earth drawn up to the 
plants, which is the last operation till the harvest. It is pulled 
rather green but ripens in the stack ; it is threshed in the common 
way, and the haulm is burned to ashes for manure, which is 
found to be more valuable than any other kind of manure, and it 
is considered that upon clover, a dressing of one-third less of it 
is amply sufficient. The seed is sold for crushing, or, as is fre- 
quently the case, crushed by the farmer himself. 
There is a variety of this called Colsa de Mars, which may be 
sown in spring and harvested in the same year, but is less_pro- 
ductive. The two varieties have a very different aspect. Some 
authors speak of the White-flowered Colsa; but this name ap- 
pears to have arisen from some confusion in nomenclature. 
** B. pabularia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root fusiform, slen- 
der; stem short. ©. H. Native of Europe ; cultivated in 
fields for sheep fodder, but very rarely ; it bears frequent cut- 
ting. Chou a faucher, Commerel in mem. soc. agr. par. 1789. 
** * C, Napo-Brdssica (D.C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root tumid, tur- 
nip-formed. &. H. Frequently cultivated in fields. Bras- 
sica oleracea Napo-Brassica, Lin. spec. 932. Cavolo navone o 
Rutabaga, Galliz. bot. agr. 3. p. 192. 
Var. a, comminis (D. C. 1. c.) root white or purplish; neck 
and petioles greenish or purplish. &. H. Cultivated in fields. 
Chou-navet commun; Chou-navet blanc; Chou-navet rouge. 
The Turnip-rooted Cabbage is little known in the English gar- 
dens, though not uncommon in French horticulture. Mr. Neill 
observes it has a root under ground as sweet as a Swedish Tur- 
nip. The root is either white or red. 
Var. B, Rutabaga (D. C. syst. l. c.) root yellowish, rather 
globose. &. H. Cultivated in fields. KRutabàga, Navet jaune, 
Chou de Laponie, Chou de Suede, Navet de Suede (Fr.) Swex 
dish Turnip (Eng.) Navone di Laponia (Ital.) 
Ii 
