242 
Swedish Turnip. This root is extensively cultivated in fields 
for cattle, on account of its large size and hardy nature ; it is 
also occasionally raised in gardens for the table to use in young 
growth. The cultivation of this root is the same as that for 
common turnip both in agriculture and horticulture, which see. 
Wild or Field Navew and Swedish Turnip. Britain. Fl. June, 
July. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. i 
3 B. Rara (Lin. spec. 931.) radical leaves lyrate, destitute 
of glaucous bloom, green, covered with bristly hairs, middle 
cauline ones cut, upper ones quite entire, smooth. &. H. 
Native throughout Europe in cultivated fields and their borders. 
Smith, eng. bot. 2176. Mart. fl. rust. t. 49 and 50. B. asperi- 
fòlia var. y, Lam. dict. 1. p. 746. Sinàpis tuberòsa, Poir. dict, 
4. p. 346. Br. tuberòsa, Sal. prod. 272. Sinàpis ràpa, Brot. fl. 
lus. 1. p. 586. Long. Turnep. Pet. herb. brit. t. 45. f. 8. 
eae Navet (Fr.) Sleckriibe (Germ.) Navone (Ital.) Turnip 
ngl. 
A. » eprésea (D. C. syst. 2. p. 590.) root tumid under the 
neck, globose depressed, ending abruptly in a slender tail. &. 
H. Cultivated. Navet ronde or Rave plate. Rabioule Rave, 
Grosse Rave (Fr.) Round Turnip (Eng.)—Mor. oxon. sect. 3. 
t. 2. f. 1.—Blackw. herb. t. 231. 
* alba (D. C. 1. c.) root white on the outside, or purplish at 
the neck.—White Turnip. 
* * flavéscens (D. C. 1. c.) root yellowish both inside and out- 
side.— Yellow Turnip. 
* ** nigricans (D.C. 1. c.) root blackish on the outside.— 
Black Turnip. This is a very doubtful plant. 
*** * punicea (D. C. 1. c.) root with a scarlet or red skin. 
—Red Turnip. 
“ee * * viridis (D. C. 1. c.) root green.—Green Turnip. 
“ee *** præ cosx (D, C.1.¢.) Early Dutch Turnip. 
B. oblénga (D. C. 1. c.) root oblong, gradually tapering to 
a point.— Math. comm. 330. f. 1.—Lob. icon. t. 197. f. 2. &e. 
—Oblong, Tankard, or Decanter Turnip. 
C. oleifera (D. C. 1. c.) root slender.—B. napélla, Vill.— 
Math. comm. 330. f. 2.—Lob. icon. 298. f. 1.—Oil-bearing 
Turnip. Cultivated in Dauphiny, where it is called Navette, for 
the sake of its seed, from which an oil is obtained. It is less pro- 
ductive than the common Rape and Colza, but it is nevertheless 
useful as it grows in soil unfavourable to every other oleagi- 
nous plant. The seeds are sown after harvest, and ripen in the 
June following. See B. napus oleifera for the culture of the plant. 
Turnip. Fl. April, July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. 
The Turnip is a biennial plant, growing in a wild state in 
some parts of England, but better known as an inhabitant of 
the gardens or the farm; the root leaves are large, of a deep 
green colour, very rough jagged, and gashed; in the second 
season it sends up a flower-stalk furnished with stem-clasping 
leaves, which are smooth. > 
Use. The use of the root, boiled and mashed as a dish, in 
broths, soups, and stews, or entire, is known all over Europe. 
The top shoots, from such as have stood the winter, are gathered 
whilst tender and dressed as spring-greens or spinach, under 
the name of Turnip-tops. 
The following varieties are in general cultivation. 
§. 1 Round White Turnips. Brassica rapa. A. depré 
* 4lba, D. C. l. c. 1 “ee pressa 
Early white Dutch. 
Early stone. 
Common round white. 
Large round white. 
Green topped, large round white, skin of the crown green, 
Red topped, large white. 
Small round French, petit Berlin (Fr.) Teltaw (Ger.) 
NEO OB O 
CRUCIFERE. LXXXIII. Brassica. 
8 Large Scotch. 
9 White globe. 
§ 2. Round Yellow Turnips. 
D. C.l c. 
1 Yellow Dutch. 
2 Aberdeen yellow. 
3 Maltese golden, an excellent and beautiful root. 
4 Large yellow field. 
5 Scarisbrook or Preston yellow. 
6 Mouse-tail or six-week yellow. 
§ 3. Black Turnip. Brássica rapa. A. depréssa 
gricans, D. C. l. c. 
1 Black Russian, This turnip appears to be lost. 
§ 4. Red Turnip. Brassica rapa depréssa * * * * punicea, 
D.C. le. 
1 Large round red. 
2 Red six-week or stone. 
§ 5. Green Turnip. Brassica rapa depréssa 
D.C. lec. 
1 Green turnip. 
§ 6. Oblong Turnip. Brássica rapa, B. oblonga, D. C. l c. 
1 Tankard or Decanter Turnip, large oblong, white, red, and 
green. 
§ 7. Oil-bearing Turnip. Brassica rapa, C. oletfera, D. 
C.l. c. 
1 Navette of Dauphiny. 
Estimate of sorts. ‘The first three sorts are the fittest for 
early, first succession and main summer crops for the table. 
The early white Dutch is proper, both for the most early and 
first succession crops, as is also the early stone. ‘The common 
round white is highly eligible for the main crop; and the large 
round white stands nearly on a par with that, and, if not sown 
to come in with it, should at least succeed it, as a late summer 
and autumn crop. In large grounds portions of the large white- 
green-topped, and the large white-red-topped, may be sown for 
autumn and winter, but the surest plant for winter consump- 
tion is the yellow Dutch; although constituted to stand the 
intense frost unhurt, it has a fine flavour, and is very nutritive. 
Small portions of any of the other sorts may be cultivated in 
secondary crops for variety, or to answer a particular demand. 
Time of soning. “ This root can be obtained most part of 
the year by sowing every month in spring and summer. Make 
the first sowing in the last week of February or first week In 
March, on a slight hot-bed; by this means the plants will be 
more likely to bulb, than shew a disposition to run to seed, an 
will be an acceptable addition to spring vegetables. For the 
first early full crop sow about the middle or latter end of March 
in an open situation, and where the ground is light. For the 
second crop to succeed those sown last month, sow about the 
middle or end of April, either in drills dn inch deep or broad- 
cast thinly. They may be sown between crops of Asparagus oF 
Sea-kale, provided the soil be light; the early Dutch and stone 
are best for this and the preceding sowings. For the third crop 
sow in May, and by the latter end of July they will be suti- 
ciently large for use. Sow in a light soil in warm situa”. 
The fourth and principal crop should be sown in June, about the 
middle or end of the month, for autumn and winter use, and con- 
siderable benefit will be derived in sowing in showery OY rer 
weather, or to retard the sowing if a prospect of such wean 
coming on, in all the sowings. Particular care should be ait 
in sowing the seed equally, and immediately afterwards treg i 
downand rake it evenly. The fifth crop should be sown m wy 
in an open situation. This time may be considered a very favour 
Brassica rapa * * flavéscens, 
*# RI 
*** * viridis, 
