248 
exceeding the length of the calyx ; beak compressed, equal in 
length to the pod, which is smooth. Native of Corsica. Flowers 
yellow. 
Rectangular-pinnate-leaved Cabbage. Pl. 1 foot? 
38 B.? urrta (Meench, suppl. p. 85.) ©.H. Native of? 
Leaves smooth, rather fleshy, lanceolate’ or linear-lanceolate, a 
little sinuated. Petals obcordate, emarginate, cream-coloured, 
with fuscous veins. Pods 4-6-seeded, hairy, crowned by a per- 
manent pilose style, which is rather longer than the pod. This 
is perhaps a species of Erùca. Stem decumbent. 
Hairy Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 to 1 foot long. 
39? B. Forsxa‘utm (Schultz, obs. p. 131. no. 1012.) ©? 
H. Native of? Leaves all doubly pinnatifid, strigose. Stem 
and calyxes hispid. Siliques erect, smooth, Petals greenish- 
ellow. 
Forskahl’s Cabbage. Pl. 1 foot. > 
40? B. purrura’scens (Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426.) 
$ ? H. Native about Aleppo. Leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid. 
Stem pilose. Pods jointed, smooth, crowned by an awl-shaped 
elongated beak. Perhaps a species of Erucària and is probably 
E. Aléppica. 
Purplish Cabbage. Pl. 1 foot. 
41? B. psev'po-ervca’strum (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 581.) ©. or 
4%. H. Native of Portugal in woods. Radical leaves half a 
foot long, lyrately-pinnatifid. Stem-leaves glaucous, uppermost 
ones of these linear-oblong, entire. Calyx erectly-closed, pilose 
at the apex. Pod smooth, brownish-green, an inch and a half 
long, crowned by the ensiform style. Seeds globose, black. 
Petals pale, streaked with brown. Perhaps a species of Erica. 
False-Erucastrum. Pl. trailing. 
42 B. monta'na (Raf. specch. 2. p. 69.) h. H. Native of 
Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby; leaves stalked, lyrately- 
pinnatifid, oblong, unequally toothed ; petioles compressed, 
Perhaps the same as B. oleracea and B. crética, Tinea. 
Mountain Cabbage. Fl. June, Oct. Cit. ? Pl. 2 feet. 
43 B. crispa (Raf. specch. 2. p. 69.) k. H. Native of 
Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby; leaves stalked, lyrately- 
pinnatifid, obovate, sinuated, curled, obtuse, smooth; petioles 
depressed. Racemes simple. 
Curled Cabbage. Pl. 3 feet? 
44 B. macroca’rpa (Gusson, fl. sic. prod. ex Schlecht. Linnzea 
4. p. 34.) &. H. Native of Sicily. Habit and leaves of B. 
Balearica, but the pod is almost as thick as a finger. 
Long-podded Cabbage. PI. 2 feet. 
Cult. The culture of the common esculent species and varie- 
ties of this genus we have given under their proper species above, 
the rest require only common culture. Those species natives 
of the warmer parts of the world, require shelter in the winter. 
None of the species are worth cultivating for ornament. 
LXXXIV. SINA'PIS (o.wame is said to be derived from the 
Celtic word nap, a designation for all plants resembling the 
turnip or cabbage). Tourn. inst. 227. Lin. gen. no. 821. 
Geert. fruct. 2. p. 299. t. 143. D. C. syst. 2. p. 607. prod. 1. 
p. 217. 
Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique rather terete, 
with nerved valves. Style small, short, acute. Seeds disposed 
in one row in each cell, subglobose. Calyx spreading. Herbs 
rarely suffrutescent, usually annual, branched, smooth, but 
usually pilose, sometimes their habit is referable to Brassica, 
sometimes to Sisymbrium. Leaves of various forms, lyrate, or 
deeply toothed. Racemes terminal, bractless. Flowers yellow. 
Seeds of most of the species acrid, as in the white and black 
mustard. The English name mustard is a modernization of 
mustum ardens, hot must, 
. that rain damages it. 
CRUCIFERA. LXXXIII. Brassica. LXXXIV. Srivaris. 
Secr. I. Meranosrna‘ris (from pedac, melas, black, and swam, 
sinapi, mustard, that is to say, black-mustard). D.C. syst. 2. p. 
607. prod. 1. p. 217. Silique terete, somewhat tetragonal. 
Style short, small, not beak-formed. 
1 S.nrera (Lin. spec. 933.) siliques smooth, even, some- 
what tetragonal, appressed to the peduncle ; lower leaves lyrate, 
upper ones lanceolate, quite entire, stalked. ©. H. Native 
throughout Europe, Spain, France, Britain, Denmark, Germany, 
Italy, Transylvania, Greece, &c. in cultivated fields, waste 
grounds, and on banks by roadsides. Mart. rust. t. 51. Smith 
eng. bot. t. 969. Woodv. med. bot. 3. p. 409. t. 151. Horn. 
fl. dan. 1582. This species is easily distinguished from the rest 
in the leaves being pendulous, as well as in the pods being 
closely pressed to the rachis. ; 
Black mustard differs materially from white mustard in the 
flowers and seeds being smaller, the latter are black ; they pos- 
sess the same medicinal qualities, and the young plants are used 
for the same purpose. It is sometimes cultivated in gardens, 
and the tender leaves used as greens early in spring, but the 
grand purpose for which the plant is cultivated is for the seeds, 
which ground produce the well-known condiment mustard. “If 
the seeds,” Mr. Neill observes, “ be taken fresh from the plant, 
and ground, the powder has little pungency, but 1s very bitter ; 
by steeping in vinegar, however, the essential oil is evolved, and 
the powder becomes extremely pungent. In moistenmng mus- 
tard powder for the table, it may be remarked that it makes the 
best appearance when rich milk is used; but the mixture in this 
case does not keep good for more than two days.” ; 
“To raise seed for flower of mustard and other officinal occa- 
sions, sow either in March or April, generally the black, or 
occasionally the white, in an open compartment, or large sowings 
in fields, where designed for public supply. Sow moderately - 
thick either in drills six or twelve inches asunder, or broad-cast, 
after the ground has been properly ploughed and harrowed, an 
rake or harrow in the seed. When the plants are two or thres 
inches high, hoe or thin them moderately, where too thick, aad 
clear them from weeds. They will soon run up to stalks, P 
in July, August, or September, return a crop of seed ripe 10r 
gathering ; being tied up into sheaves and left three or four days 
on the stubble, Itis then stacked in the field. It is remarke 
Black mustard is an exhausting crop, but 
profitable when the soil answers, and especially in breaking up 
rich loamy lands, as it comes off earlier than white mustard, an 
allows time for preparing the soil for wheat. This plant 1s suck 
tivated to great extent in Durham. The seed of the b er 
mustard, like the charlock, is difficult to extirpate, for It wi 
remain in the ground if buried to the depth of 3 or 4 inches he 
ages without germinating until it is raised to the surface. A 
black mustard is exclusively used for grinding into flower 
mustard, and the black husks of the seeds are separated by veg 
delicate machinery. The French either do not attempt anne 
not succeed in separating the husks, as their mustard vant 
brought to table is always black. It is, however, more pung he 
than ours, because the quality resides chiefly in the husk. i 
constituents of mustard appear to be chiefly starch, mucous, 
bland fixed oil, an acrid volatile oil, and an ammoniacal salte ~ 
Var. B, toruldsa (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves broad, ha 
tately-lobed, upper ones ovate, repand ; silique torulose. are 
Var. y, túrgida (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves lobe it 
pand, auriculate at the base ; pods turgid, veiny, appresse® 
a conical striated beak. vate 
Var. ò, villosa (Merat. fl. par. p. 265.) lower leaves 0'* 
toothed, somewhat sinuated, smooth, upper ones lanceolate; P ar, 
villous. ©. H. Native of France. S. incàna, Thuil. f. P 
ed. 2. vol, 1. p. 343. but not of Lin. 
