260 CRUCIFERZ. C. Divesmus. CI 
tia, Spreng. syst. 2. p.852. Habit of Cakile maritima. Flowers 
yellow or perhaps white. 
Var. B, oblongifdlius (D. C. syst. 2. p. 658.) lower leaves 
oblong, grossly serrated, not pinnatifidly-lyrate. Native in the 
fields of Astypaleea in the Morea. 
Egyptian Didesmus. FI. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 ft. 
2 D. rexnuiro Lius (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.) leaves pinnate- 
parted ; lobes linear, distant ; upper leaves linear ; stem smooth. 
©. H. Native of the Grecian Archipelago, especially in the 
islands of Nio and Cyprus. Cakile striata, Lher. cak. diss. 
ined. p. 6. Bunias Tournefortii, Sibth. Bunias tenuifolia, Smith, 
prodr. fl. grec. 2. p.3. Flowers white. Habit of Cakile ma- 
ritima. Tour. voy.1.p. 254. icon. Cells of pod 1-seeded. 
Slender-leaved Didesmus. Pl. 1 foot. 
3 D. sirinna‘tus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.) leaves pinnate- 
parted ; lobes linear, toothed, or cut ; stem rough from reflexed 
hairs. ©. H. Native of Mauritania in the mountains of Cafsa. 
Sindpis bipinnata, Desf. atl. 2. p. 97. Cakile bipinnata, Spreng. 
syst. 2. p. 852. Petals whitish, obovate, retuse, somewhat 
emarginate. Pods smooth, with 1-seeded cells. 
Bipinnate-leaved Didesmus. FI. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 ft. 
+ A species not sufficiently known. 
4 D. pinna‘rus (D.C. syst. 2. p. 659.). 
tum, Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426. 
Pods striated, 2-jointed. Leaves pinnate, smooth; segments 
linear, cut. Perhaps the same as D. tenuzfolia. Flowers white. 
Pinnate-leaved Didesmus, Fl. June, July. Pl. 3 foot. 
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in botanical 
gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground. 
CI. ENARTHROCA’RPUS (from evvea, ennea, nine, ap8por, 
arthron, a joint, and xapzoc, karpos, a fruit, in allusion to the pod 
having 9 or 10 seeds in the lower joint). Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 
4. t.2. D.C. syst. 2. p. 660. prod. 1. p. 228. 
Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliqudsa. Silique 2-jointed, lower 
joint obconical, short, 1 to 3-seeded, upper joint long, 9 or 10- 
seeded, loculate in the inside (f. 47, k.) Erect, branched, rough- 
ish herbs, having the appearance of Raphanus. Lower leaves 
stalked, lyrate, upper ones sessile, grossly toothed. Racemes 
elongated ; pedicels filiform, erect, becoming thicker after flow- 
ering; all or only the lower ones bracteate. Flowers yellow, 
veined, or purplish. 
1 E. arcua‘tus (Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 4. t. 2.) pods terete, 
torulose, scabrous ; lower pedicels bracteate. ©. H. Native of 
Crete and Mount Lebanon. Sepals oblong-linear, with hispid 
margins. Flowers purplish. Lower point of pod 1-2-seeded. 
A rched-podded Enarthrocarpus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. 
2 E. tyra‘tus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 661.) pods compressed, 
knotted, striated longitudinally ; pedicels almost all bracteate. 
©. H. Native of sandy deserts and among barley-fields about 
Alexandria, also in the Nilotic islands. Raphanus lyratus, 
Forsk. fl. egyp. arab. p. 119. Raphanus recurvatus, Pers. ench. 
2. p. 209. Delile, fl. egypt. p. 105. t. 36. £1. Very like E. 
arcuatus, but differs in the flowers being yellow, with purple 
veins, not purplish. 
Lyrate-\eaved Enarthrocarpus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828, Pl. 1 ft. 
3 E. PTEROCA RPUS (D.C. syst. 2. p. 661.) pods compressed, 
edged with a wing, ending in a long point ; pedicels almost all 
bracteate. ©. H. Native of Egypt. Deless. icon. sel. 2. 
t.93. Raphanus pterocdrpus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 209. Flowers 
yellow with purple veins? Lower joint of pod 1-seeded. 
Winged-podded Enarthrocarpus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. 
Pl. = foot. 
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in bo- 
tanic gardens. They only require to be sown in the open ground, 
and treated as other hardy annuals, 
Myagrum pinna- 
Native about Aleppo. 
. ENARTHROCARPUS. 
CII. RAPHANUS. 
CII. RA’PHANUS (pagane in Greek is derived from pa, 
ra, quickly, and gawvopat, phainomai, to appear, because of the 
rapid germination of the seeds). Lin. gen. no. 1098. D.C. 
syst. 2. p. 662. prod. 1. p. 228. 
Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique transversely 
many-celled, or breaking off into several joints (f. 47. m.) 
Seeds globose, pendulous, in one row. Cotyledons thickish, 
folded together. Erect, branched, smooth, or somewhat hispid 
herbs, with round divaricating stems. Roots perpendicular, sim- 
ple, more or less fleshy, with an acrid taste, when young furnished 
with a 2-valved Coleorhiza at the tip. Lower leaves stalked, 
lyrate. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, elongated ; 
pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, white, or purplish, 
sometimes veined. The English name Radish is derived from 
radix, a root. 
Sect. I. Ra’puanus (see genus). D. C. syst. 2. p. 663. 
prod. 1. p.228. Silique spongy, 2-celled. 
1 R. sativus (Lin. spec. 935.) pods terete, torose, pointed, 
scarcely longer than the pedicel. ©. H. Native of China, 
Japan and Western Asia by way-sides, Lam. ill. 566. Flowers 
at first red-violet, when old whitish. There are numerous va- 
rieties of this plant cultivated in gardens. 
Cultivated Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548. Pl. 3 feet. 
In Italy the Radish is called Ramolaccio or Ravanello, in 
France they are called Rabiole, Raviole, Rave, or Radis. 
* A. rapicuta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 663.) root more or less 
fleshy, white, rose, or red-coloured. R. radicula, Pers. ench. 2. 
p- 208. The varieties of this plant are commonly called Summer, 
or Turnip-radishes. 
Var. a. rotinda (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root somewhat globose. R. 
rotindus, Mill. dict. no.2. This plant varies much in the color 
of its root. We shall now add the different varieties of the 
Turnip-radish from Hort. trans. vol. 3. p. 441 to 446. 
1 The early white Turnip-radish of the Dutch, Radis blanc 
hatif of the French. The flesh is clear and white. This radish 
from its superior merit ought to be introduced into every garden. 
2 The small early white Turnip-radish or Radis blanc petit 
hátif of the French. The root of this is rather pear-shaped, 
with a slight tinge of purple on its top. It is rather earlier than 
the preceding kind. This is probably the Raphanus rotindus of 
Mill. dict. no. 2. 
3 The pink, rose-coloured, scarlet, and crimson Turnip-radishes 
are all one sort. Radis rouge or Radis rose rond of the French. 
This variety was introduced into England from France about 
1802. The root, externally, is a fine deep scarlet ; and internally 
white. It comes in with the common white Turnip-radish, The 
flesh is mild and good. 
4 The rose-coloured Turnip-radish or Radis rose rond hátif 
of the French. The root is both externally and internally rose- 
coloured, usually pear-shaped, but sometimes it lengthens out to 
the appearance of a long-rooted radish. It is sometimes to be 
found under the name of early scarlet Turnip-radish. 
5 The purple Turnip-radish or Radis violet rond of the 
French. The external colour is a fine purple. The flesh 1s 
sometimes white and sometimes stained with purple. The Dutch 
call it early red Turnip-radish. This is a very good Radish, but 
not common in our gardens. This is an autumn Radish. 
6 The Yellow Turnip-radish or Radis jaune of the French. 
The root is more ovate than round, somewhat inclining to pear- 
shaped, of a pale brown colour and rather rough. The flesh 18 
white and firm. It is a good Radish, but is rather later than the 
other early sorts. 
Var. B, oblénga (D.C. syst. 1. c.) root long, fleshy. R. sativus, 
Mill. dict. no. 1.—Weinm. phyt. t. 860. f. a. Roots varying 9 
colour. For the under-mentioned varieties, see Hort. trans. Vv 
