CISTINEZ. 
39 C. LADANÍFERUS (Lin. spec. 737.) leaves almost sessile, 
connate at the base, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface 
glabrous, under surface tomentose; capsule 10-celled. h. F. 
Native of Spain and Portugal, on hills. Petals imbricate. 
Var. a, albiflorus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 266.) petals white, yellow 
at the base. Sweet, cist. t. 84, Leédon. I. Clus. hist. 1. p. 78. 
icon. 
Var. y, maculatus (D. C. prod. 1. c.) petals white, each marked 
near the base with a dark blood-coloured spot. Sweet, cist. t. 1. 
C. ladaniferus £, planifolius, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 305. 
The Cistus ladaniferus and Lédon produce the gum Ladanum, 
but not in such quantities as C. Créticus. The resin which is 
secreted from the leaves and other parts of the shrub is scraped 
off by means of a kind of rake, called in Candia, Ergatiri, to 
which numerous leathern thongs are appended instead of teeth. 
This instrument being drawn backwards and forwards over the 
plant from time to time collects the resin. Dioscorides says they 
gather the Ladanum by means of goats, which browzing on the 
leaves of the shrub, return to the stable with their beards loaded 
with a fat substance, which the peasants rake off with a kind of 
comb made on purpose. The chief use of this gum in modern 
practice is in fumigations, cephalic and stomachic plasters, its 
fragrant smell having made it a constant ingredient in such pre- 
parations ; sometimes it is used in torches. It was formerly ex- 
hibited as a pectoral and astringent in catarrhal affections, dysen- 
teries, and several other diseases. The best is in dark-coloured 
masses of the consistence of soft plaister, growing still softer on 
being handled. The other is in long rolls, coiled up and much 
harder than the preceding, and not so dark. It should be ob- 
served that Ladanum gives out its active matter to spirit of wine, 
which dissolves nearly the whole of the pure Ladanum into gold- 
coloured liquor, and little or nothing to water, from its being 
entirely resinous, and consequently not soluble in water. 
Ladanum-bearing Rock-Rose or Gum-Cistus, Fl. Ju. July. 
Clt. 1629. Shrub 4 feet. 
* * Stigma capitate, small, Style cylindrical, equalling the 
stamens in length. 
40 C. Cru'str (Dunal, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 266.) erect; 
leaves somewhat 3-nerved, linear, with revolute margins, under 
surface canescent ; flowers somewhat capitate; calyx 3-5-sepalled, 
Pilose ; Sepals ovate, acute ; capsules 5-celled. h.F. Native 
of Spain and Barbary. Sweet, cist. t. 32. Cistus Libandtis, , 
Lam. dict, 2, p. 18. Desf. atl. 1. p. 412, exclusive of the syno- 
nym. C. undulatus, Link. Lédon. VII. Clus. hist. 1. p. 80. 
icon. Bracteas pilose, broad-ovate, acuminated, ciliated, ca- 
ducous, somewhat longer than the peduncles. Petals white. 
Habit of Helidnthemum Libanotis, with the character of Ledénia. 
Clusius’s Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Shrub 2 feet. 
* A species not sufficiently known. 
4] c. Co’rsicus (Lois. in ann. soc. lin. par. vol. 4.) leaves 
PPposite stalked, ovate, acuminated, rather tomentose, reticu- 
ated with veins beneath ; peduncles usually 1-flowered, and are, 
as well as the calyx villous ; branches and leaves rough from 
Starry small hairs. h. H. Native of Corsica. Perhaps a spe- 
ces of Helianthemum. 
Corsican Rock-Rose. Shrub. 
; Qui. The species of the genus Cistus or Rock-Rose deserve 
© be cultivated in every garden for the beauty of their flowers 
and leaves, The greater part of those marked frame shrubs 
ee Survive a severe winter if planted against a south wall so as 
w e covered with mats in severe frosts ; but notwithstanding, 
e would recommend a plant of each of these tenderer sorts to 
€pt in the green-house during winter, and to be planted out 
I. Cistus. 
II, HELIANTHEMUM. 301 
in the spring. They may be either increased by seeds or layers, 
or by ripened cuttings, taken off in July or August, which if 
planted thinly under a hand-glass will root readily. 
II. HELIA’NTHEMUM (from nrwe, helios, the sun, and 
avSoc, anthos, a flower; because the flowers open with the rising 
of the sun in the morning, and the petals fall off with the setting of 
the sun in the evening. The flowers of Helidnihemum, as well 
as Cistus, only last for a few hours while the sun shines; but if 
the weather is dull, and the sun does not make its appearance, the 
flowers do not open, but will remain unexpanded. Should this 
continue for several days together, they will decay in the bud.) 
Tourn. inst. 248. t. 128. Geert. fr. 1. p. 371. t.76. D.C. 
fl. fr. 4. p. 815. prod. 1. p. 266. Cisti species, Lin. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3 equal sepals ; 
but when 5, they are disposed in a double series, the two outer 
sepals are usually smaller than the inner ones, very rarely larger. 
Petals 5, usually regularly denticulated at the top. Stigma 
capitate. Style sometimes almost wanting, sometimes straight, 
sometimes oblique, and sometimes bent at the base. Ovary tri- 
quetrous. Capsule 3-valved ; valves with a narrow dissepiment, 
ora seminiferous nerve in the middle of each. Seeds angular, 
smooth. Albumen mealy. Embryo uncinately-inflexed, as in. H. 
vulgare, Geert. 1. p. 371. t. 76. f.11. Erect or trailing herbs, sub- 
shrubs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite and alternate, with or with- 
out stipulas, 3-nerved, or feather-nerved. Pedicels usually fur- 
nished with bracteas at the base, sometimes opposite the brac- 
teas, or opposite the leaves, sometimes solitary, sometimes 
umbellate, and sometimes racemose ; racemes secund, sometimes 
corymbose, sometimes paniculate; and before the flowers ex- 
pand the racemes at the top are bent or twisted backwards, and 
become gradually erect as the flowers expand. Flowers yellow, 
red, or white. 
This genus is divided into three particular series, viz.— 
I. Style straight, erect, almost wanting, or shorter than the 
stamens. Stigma capitate. Sect. I. II. and III., Halimium, 
Lecheotdes, and Tuberaria, belong to this. 
II. Style straight, erect, equal with or longer than the stamens. 
Sect. IV. and V., Macularia, and Brachypétalum, belong to this. 
III. Style bent at the base. Sect. VI. VIL. VIII. and IX., 
Eriocérpum, Fumana, Pseudocistus, and Euhelidnthemum, be- 
long to this. 
Sect. I. Hatt mium (aduoc, halimos, marine; habitation of 
plants by the sea-side). D. C. prod. 1. p. 267. Calyx usually of 
3 equal sepals, rarely of 5 unequal sepals, but when this is the 
case the two outer ones are small. Petals rarely white, usually 
yellow, wedge-shaped, truncate, and usually marked at the base 
with a dark-bloody or intense yellowspot. Style straight, short, 
or almost wanting. Stigma capitate, somewhat 3-lobed. Seeds 
few, blackish, minutely muricated, somewhat angular. Erect 
shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, without stipulas, pilose or 
tomentose. Peduncles 1-3-flowered, axillary, solitary, or um- 
bellate, rarely panicled. 
* Style short, straight. 
1 H. Lrsanortrs (Willd. enum. 570.) erect, smoothish, branch- 
ed; leaves sessile, linear, with revolute margins, upper surface 
brownish-green, under surface somewhat canescent; bracteas 
oblong-linear, shorter than the peduncles; peduncles solitary, 
1-flowered ; calyx of 3 sepals, smooth, shining, ovate-acumi- 
nate. h. F. Native of Portugal and Mauritania.  Cistus 
Libandtis, Lin. spec. 739. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 261.; but not of 
Lam. nor Desf.—H. rosmarinifolium, Lag. in litt. but not of 
