324 
39 V. rorunpiFo'L1A (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 150.) stig- 
ma capitate, round, recurved at the apex, but without a beak ; 
roots jointed, scaly ; leaves large and round, constantly pressed 
to the ground, with pubescent petioles, with the recess becoming 
at length closed, under surface glabrous ; stipulas subulate-lan- 
ceolate ; sepals oblong, narrow, obtuse ; 2 lateral petals bearded 
and striated; spur almost obliterated. %4. H. Native near 
Philadelphia, on the shady banks of Wishahikon-creek, always 
under the shade of A’bies Canadénsis ; it has been found in simi- 
lar situations in North Carolina. The flowers are of a pale 
yellow, and appear before the complete expansion of the leaves 
upon short peduncles; the 2 lateral petals are a little bearded, 
and striated with 3 stripes upon each, the uppermost one inter- 
rupted by a line of pubescence, the lowest petal very small, and 
also striated ; the stripes are bifid, and crossed by two callous 
converging lines near the base. 
Var. B, pallens (Banks, herb. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) gla- 
brous; sepals acuminated. 2. H. Native of Labrador and 
Kamtschatka. Perhaps the same as var. a? or perhaps a distinct 
species. . 
Round-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 foot. 
40 V. cLANDESTINA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma 
marginate ? roots jointed, scaly ; leaves almost orbicular, blunt- 
ish, crenate-serrated, these serratures are glandular; peduncles 
branched, 2-8-flowered ; petals linear, scarcely longer than the 
calyx. 2. H. Native on the high mountains of Pennsylvania, 
in shady beech-woods, among rotten wood, and rich vegetable 
mould. This singular species differs from all the rest, in produc- 
ing its flowers as it were under-ground, as they always are covered 
with rotten wood or leaves; they are of a chocolate brown, very 
small; the seed-vessel buries itself still deeper in the ground, 
and is large in proportion to the plant. The inhabitants know 
it by the name of Heal-all, being used by them in curing all 
kinds of wounds or sores. Pursh. According to Bigelow, the 
flowers are at first large yellow, but when the leaves become 
stately, or at a later period of growth, it produces small incon- 
spicuous greenish flowers, and creeping stolons. 
Clandestine Violet. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 foot. 
41 V. vitzo'sa (Walt. fl. carol. p.212.) pubescent; stigma not 
margined all round, beaked; trunk of root oblique, wrinkled ; 
leaves roundish-cordate, crenate-serrated, pubescent on both sur- 
faces ; sepals oblong ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; lower petal 
beardless, 2 lateral ones bearded ; capsules smoothish. %. H. 
Native of North America, on shady hills. Schwein. amer. journ. 
5. no. 1. spec. 9. Flowers blue, elegantly striped and bearded 
with yellow down. Leaves purplish beneath, lying on the 
ground. 
Villous Violet. Fl. June, July? Pl, 4 foot. 
42 V. LEcoNTEA'NA; smooth; leaves ovate, acuminated, 
crenated, sometimes rather villous above ; petioles long, spotted 
with red ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, equal with or higher 
than the leaves, spotted ; flowers sweet-scented ; sepals lanceo- 
late ; petals all entire, green at the base, lateral ones sometimes 
rather pubescent at the base. Y.H. Native of North Ame- 
rica in humid woods, in the state of New York and New Jersey, 
and from Pennsylvania to Virginia. V. obliqua, Pursh. fl. 
amer. sept. 1. p. 172? V.amee'na, Le Conte, ann. lyc. new 
york, 2, p. 144. Flowers white, with purple and yellow 
veins. 
Le Conte’s Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. Pl. 4 foot. 
43 V. soro ria (Willd. hort. berl. 1. t. 72.) stigma depressed, 
not margined all round, beaked; leaves orbicularly-cordate, 
crenate-serrate, under surface glabrous, usually violaceous, up- 
per surface villous; stipulas minute, awl-shaped ; petals oblong, 
lower and 2 lateral ones bearded. Y.H. Native of Penn- 
sylvania, &c. in overflowed meadows. V. cordifdlia, Schwein 
VIOLARIEZ. 
IV. Viota. 
and Torrey. V. villésa, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. Flower reddish- 
blue, white at the base. Petioles and scapes hairy. 
Var. B, Nuttállii; petals obovate; leaves thickish, cordate, 
acutish, lying on the ground ; sepals short and narrow, smooth. 
Xy. H. Native in woods on the banks of Schuylkill, near 
Philadelphia. Peduncles longer than the leaves. V. villosa ĝ, 
cordifolia, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. 
Sister Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1802. Pl. 4 foot. 
44 V. corpa`ra (Walt. car. p. 219.) stigma? Leaves broad- 
cordate, acute, crenated, smooth; peduncles very long ; sepals 
acute; lateral petals bearded. 2%.H. Native of North America. 
Flowers blue ? 
Cordate-leaved Violet. Pl. 4 foot. 
45 V. a'spera (Ging. mss. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 295.) rather 
hispid ; stigma recurved, with a shortish beak, somewhat de- 
pressed at the top, naked ; leaves profoundly cordate, crenate, 
pubescent, longer than the scapes; sepals linear, obtuse, hairy ; 
stipulas setosely jagged; petals oval, 2 lateral ones much 
bearded ; nectaries conical, falcate. 2. F. Native of Upper 
Nipaul. Very like V. hirta, but differing in the form of the 
stigma. Flowers cream-coloured or almost white. A dwarf 
tufted herb. 
Rough Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. 4 foot. 
46 V. se’rpens (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 449.) smoothish ; stigma 
marginate ? stems slender; leaves profoundly-cordate ; sepals 
lanceolate, acute; stipulas lanceolate, toothed; flowers minute ; 
2 lateral petals bearded in the middle; spur short, very blunt. 
4y. F. Native of Nipaul. Perhaps the same as V. repens. 
Buchan in herb. Lamb.? Flowers white, with a feeble blue 
tinge, scentless. 
Creeping Violet. 
§ 2. 
* Capsules turgid-roundish. Stems almost wanting. 
47 V. Javo'ntca (Langsdorff, ex Fisch. in litt.) glabrous; 
leaves cordate; stipulas linear-lanceolate, jagged ; sepals lan- 
ceolate, acute; spur thick, obtuse, straight, one half shorter 
than the petals. %.H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. 
odorata, Thunb. fl. jap. 326? Flowers blue. 
Japan Violet. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 to} foot. 
48 V. canx’scens (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 450.) plant stemless, 
clothed with glaucous pubescence ; leaves cordately-reniform, 
obtuse, stipulas fringed with long cilia ; peduncles erect, longer 
than the leaves ; sepals linear, acute ; petals thrice as long as 
the calyx, the upper two wedge-shaped and puberulous at the 
base, two lateral ones rather narrower and bearded at the base. 
4. F. Native in Nipaul on Mount Nag-Urjoon. Flowers 
small, scentless, pale violet. Style flattish. 
Canescent Violet. Fl. March, April. Pl. 5 foot. 
49 V.urrra (Lin. spec. 1324.) plant villous or pubescent; 
stigma hooked, acute, naked; leaves cordate; sepals ovate, 
obtuse, with ciliated margins; stipulas with glandular teeth ; 
2 lateral petals bearded along the middle; spur somewhat coni- 
cal; nectaries glabrous; capsules turgid, hairy ; seeds turg!» 
brown. ¥%.H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe 
in groves and thickets. In England in Oxfordshire, Cambridge- 
shire, Essex, and Kent; at Marham, Norfolk ; near Bury, Suf- 
folk ; on St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bristol, on a chalky or limestone 
soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 6t 
Fl. dan. t. 618. Flowers light greyish-blue, streaked Wh 
black, scentless. Scapes taller than the leaves, furnished wit 
2 narrow opposite bracteas below the middle. Stolons short, not 
rooting. This plant varies much in habit as well as 7 the 
shape of the leaves according to soil and situation. 
Var. B, alpina (D.C. prod. 1. c.) leaves broad-cordate, 
Fl. April, June? Pl. 4 foot. 
Stigmas convex, immarginate below. 
with a 
