VIOLARIEL. 
short acumen; violaceous beneath the footstalks. %.H. Na- 
tive in the Alps of Savoy at St. Bernard. There is a variety 
with the sinus more or less cut, and with the footstalks more or 
less dilated at the apex. 
Var. y, alba (D.C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, very minute ; 
flowers white; spur lilac. 2/.H. Native on dry meadows. 
Seeds turgid, brown. Later leaves largest. 
Var. ò, scabra (D. C. prod. l. c.) leaves acuminated ; sepals 
acute, ex Braun. %.H. Native about Salzburg. V. scabra, 
Braun. in flora, 1820. p. 469. 
Hairy Violet. Fl. April, May. Britain. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 
50 V. amsrcua (Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 190.) stoloni- 
ferous leaves smooth, oblong-cordate ; lobes inflexed, cucullate ; 
sepals obtuse; 2 lateral petals bearded. %.H. Native of 
Hungary and Germany. Flowers blueish. Petioles winged. 
Ambiguous Violet. Fl. April, June. Pl. creeping. - 
51 V. campe’srris (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p.171.) stigma hooked, 
naked; leaves cordate, oblong, hairy ; 2 lateral petals bearded 
in the middle; stolons none. Y%.H. Native of Tauria and 
Iberia in meadows and fields. V. hirta, Pall. ined. Perhaps the 
same as V. Pyreniaca and V. collina. Besser, cat. hort. crem. 
anno. 1816. p. 151. Very like V. hirta, but the leaves are 
narrower, less hairy, and on shorter petioles. Flowers truly 
sweet-scented, pale-purple. V. hirta (, fragrans, D. C. prod. 
l. p. 295. Sepals obtuse. Root perpendicular. 
Field Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. Pl. 4 foot. 
52 V. Pyrenraca (Ramond, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 803.) stigma 
hooked, naked ; leaves broad, somewhat cordate; footstalks 
dilated at the apex; sepals ovate, obtuse. %. H. Native of 
the Pyrenees on rocks. Flowers blue, sweet-scented. This is 
not a variety of V. palistris nor of V. canina, but probably the 
same as V. hirta, var. alpina? Seeds unknown. 
Pyrenean Violet. FI. April, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 foot. 
53 V. nu'mitis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 369. 
t. 492. f. 1.) very smooth; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, 
rounded at the base, truly cordate ; stipulas dentately ciliated at 
the apex ; calyxes acutish; stigma hooked, acute; petals all 
smooth ; ovary smooth; spur short, rounded, spreading, with 
the appendages rounded at the apex, one half shorter than 
the cells of anthers. 1%. F. Native of Mexico near Real del 
Monte, at the height of 3218 feet. Flowers white, with yellow 
eins, 
Dwarf Violet. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 4 foot. 
54 V. Hooxerta'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 
369. t. 492. f, 2.) very smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped, pro- 
foundly cordate; stipulas dentately-ciliated; calyxes acute; 
stigma hooked, truncate at the apex; petals all smooth; ovary 
smooth; spur short, rounded, with the appendages rounded at 
the apex, one half shorter than the cells of anthers. yu. F. 
Gathered along with V. hùmilis. Flowers violaceous. 
Hooker's Violet. P). 1 foot. 
55 V. ODORATA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma hooked, naked ; 
leaves roundish-cordate, crenate, smoothish ; sepals ovate, ob- 
tuse; 2 lateral petals with a hairy line ; spur very blunt; cap- 
sules turgid, hairy; seeds turbinate, whitish; stolons long, 
ee and rooting. 2.H. Native in groves and hedges 
j most throughout the whole of Europe, and in Siberia, China, and 
„epon? In Britain frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt. 
. lond. fasc. 1. t. 63. Fl. dan. t. 309. Sturn. deutch. fl. icon. 
good. Flowers sweet-scented, resembling that of orise-root or 
Mignonette. 
M. Boullay has discovered Violine, which exists in all parts 
of the plant. It is an alkaline substance, and forms salts by its 
union with acids; it is soluble in alcohol, but hardly so in 
Water. It is procured in the form of yellow powder. This 
substance is very active and poisonous according to M. Orfila. 
IV. Viora. 325 
Var. a, vulgaris (D.C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers deep-pur- 
plish-blue, pale and streaked in the mouth. The flowers of this 
plant impart their colour and flavour to aqueous liquors; a 
syrup made from the infusion has long had a place in the shops, 
and is said to be an agreeable and useful laxative for children, 
but it is chiefly valued as a delicate test of the presence of un- 
combined acids or alkalies, the former changing its blue to a 
red, and the latter to a green. There can be no doubt but this 
is the tov roppupeov of Dioscorides, who speaks of the ivy-like 
leaves and very sweet-scented purple flowers, which he recom- 
mends for sore throats and for children in the falling sickness. 
Var. B, cærùlea (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 37.) flowers blue. 
Var. y, purptreo-pléna (Sweet, l. c.) flowers double, purple. 
Var. 6, cerileo-pléna (Sweet, |. c.) flowers double, blue. 
Var. z, pallido-pléna (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, pale-blue. 
This variety is commonly called Neapolitan Violet in gardens. 
Var. ¢, alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers white. Plentiful 
about Dorking in Surrey, in hedges. V. alba, Bess. fl. gall. 1. 
p- 171. This is probably a distinct species. 
Var. n, álbo-plèna (Sweet, |. c.) flowers double, white. 
Var. ı variegata (D. C. prod. l. c.) flowers variegated, Tourn. 
inst. 419. 
Var., cornùta; all the petals horned, like that of Linaria pi- 
loria. 
Sweet-scented Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. Pl. 3 ft. trailing. 
56 V. sua'vis (Bieb. suppl. p. 162.) stigma hooked, naked ; 
leaves reniform-cordate, crenate, pubescent ; sepals obtuse; 4 
upper petals narrowest, lower one emarginate, 2 lateral ones 
with a hairy line; stolons long, creeping, and rooting. %. H. 
Native of Tauria. Flowers pale-blue, white at the base, sweet- 
scented. 
Sweet Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 foot. 
** Capsules oblong, trigonal. Perhaps the 2 lateral petals of 
all are bearded. 
+ Stems herbaceous. 
57 V. Kroxe'rt (Gmel. syst. 412.) stigma hooked; stem 
procumbent; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, bluntish ; sepals 
lanceolate, acute ; capsule trigonal, pubescent. 2%. H. Native 
of Bohemia. V. purpurascens, Schm. fl. boh. 1. cent. 3. p. 49. 
t.311. Flowers purplish. 
Kroker’s Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. procumbent. 
58 V.vxicino sa (Bess. prim. fl. gall. 169.) stigma somewhat 
reflexed, naked ; stems stoloniferous, and are as well as the foot- 
stalks glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the 
base; spur short, conical; sepals obtuse. 1. H. Native of 
Parma, also of Carniolia, Carinthia, Lusatia in bogs. V. uligi- 
nòsa, Schrad. in Roem. et Schult. syst. p. 357.3; but this plant 
is said by Link to be without runners. Perhaps V. scaturiginosa, 
Wallr. sched. 1. p. 97.? Flower purplish. Petals naked. 
Swamp Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 foot. 
59 V. Lanespo’rrri (Fisch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) 
stigma marginate ? somewhat reflexed, obtuse ; stems at length 
elongated, with the base oblique; leaves roundish-cordate, 
smoothish ; stipulas ovate, setaceously acuminated, and with bristly 
teeth at the base; sepals ovate, rather acute ; limb of lower petal 
somewhat rhomboidal ; spur broadly saccate, very blunt. 2. 
H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Flowers blue. 
Var. a, almost stemless; capsules oblong-trigonal, obtuse ; 
seeds large, somewhat pear-shaped, brown. V. odorata, var. in 
herb. Banks. 
Var. B; caulescent ? 
in litt, 
Langsdorff’s Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 3 foot 
60 V. miıra’BiLIs (Lin. spec. 1326.) stigma somewhat re- 
flexed, naked ; stems rigid and are as well as footstalks villous ; 
V. pedunculàris, Langsdorff ex Fisch. 
