VIOLARIEX. 
ones, which are furnished each with a white beard; spur 
shortish. %. H. Native of North America, on rocks in the 
Saura mountains. V. répens, Schwein. l. c. Flowers cream- 
coloured. 
Lenis’s Violet. Pl. decumbent. 
75 V. Rivinia'na (Rchb. icon. t. 75.94, 95.) stem erect, 
branched ; leaves profoundly cordate, ovate, crenated, pubes- 
cent above ; stipulas linear, fringed ; peduncles elongated ; supe- 
rior appendages of calyx angular, permanent ; capsule acute. 
u.H. Native of Europe in groves. This species differs from 
y. canìna in the stipulas being finely fringed and the leaves 
being profoundly cordate, as well as in the capsule being acute. 
Perhaps V. sylvéstris of Kit. and V. cordàta of Willd. are iden- 
tical with this species. Spur curved ? 
Rivinus’s Violet. Fl. April, Aug. Pl. 4 foot. 
76 V. canina (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma papillose, somewhat 
reflexed ; adult stems ascending, branched, glabrous ; leaves ob- 
long, heart-shaped ; stipulas acuminated, serrated, or finely jag- 
ged ; bracteas awl-shaped, entire ; sepals awl-shaped ; peduncles 
glabrous ; capsules elongated, with acuminated valves; seeds 
pear-shaped, brown. 4%. H. Native in woods, hedges, thickets, 
and heathy grounds nearly throughout the whole of Europe, Ja- 
pan, Persia, and the North-west coast of North America; also in 
the Canary Islands; common in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. 
620. Curt. lond. fase. 2. t. 61. fl. dan: t. 1453. V. sylvéstris, 
Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 680. V. neglecta, Schm. fl. boh. no. 1. p. 51. 
t. 313. but not of Bieb. There are many varieties of this plant 
differing in height and form of leaves. Flowers blue, with 
purple lines in the mouth, and a greenish, white, abrupt spur. 
Var. B, minor (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 617.) stem very short ; 
leaves kidney-heart-shaped, smoothish. 2.H. Native of the 
Pyrenees and Swiss Alps. 
Var. y, alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers white. 1%. H. 
Native of Britain. V.canina flore albo, Dill. in Ray’s synops. 364? 
Var. ò macréntha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers twice or 
thrice larger than in the other varieties. 
Var. e? Japonica (D. C. prod. 1l. c.) leaves scarcely cordate 
at the base. %. H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. 
Dog Violet. Fl. Apr. Aug. Britain. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 
V. rLAvicórNīs (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 304.) stigma —? 
stems ascending, woody, somewhat angular, much branched ; 
leaves cordate, coriaceous, smooth and even; stipulas and brac- 
teas fringed ; sepals lanceolate ; peduncles erect; capsules shorter 
and rounder than in V. canina. Y.H. Native of England in 
pastures, and on banks in a gravelly soil, about Mitcham, 
Surrey, and Norwich. Dill. in Ray’s synops. 364. t. 24. f. 1. 
Flowers half the size of V. canina, of a rather deeper blue, with 
a short, blunt, yellowish spur. 
Yellow-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jun. England. Pl. 4 foot. 
78 V. NecLE'cra (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 172.) stigma —? stem 
frect, angular; leaves cordate, smooth, with rather scabrous 
margins ; flowers all corollate ; stipulas toothed on one side only ; 
peduncles furnished with bracteas in the middle. 41. H. Native 
of Tauria on the high mountains of Tschaturdag and Agudag, in 
woods, Larger than V. canìna, and the flowers are constantly 
e. 
Neglected Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 foot. 
A 79 V. EPI'PsILA (Ledeb. in Link, enum. 1. p. 241.) stigma 
tat, with an incurved beak ; stem trailing ; leaves cordate-round- 
rh, scarcely acuminated, glabrous ; segments of calyx obtuse, 
rawn out at the base into bearded auricles ; spur short, blunt. 
_Native of Siberia. Corolla pale blue, with the 2 lateral 
Petals slightly bearded. The name is probably derived from ez, 
poms and Wirkkoc, naked, lightly armed, in allusion to the sepals 
emg bearded. 
Hairy-sepalled Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. Pl. 4 foot. 
IV. Viora. 327 
-80 V. parma ris (Hamilt. mss. ined. and D; C. prod. 1 
p. 298. D. Don, prod. p. 205.) stigma —? stems branched ; 
branches weak, sarmentose ; leaves cordate, acuminated, cre- 
nated, rather pilose, on long petioles ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, 
somewhat serrated ; sepals lanceolate, acute, glabrous, bidentate 
at the base; petals elliptical, puberulous above; spur saccate. 
%. F. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty, and near Bheempedi. 
Flowers yellow. . 
Hand-high Violet. Fl. Apr. Dec. Clt. 1824, PI. 4 foot. 
81 V. apu’nca (Smith, in Rees’ cycl.) stigma—? stem sim- 
ple, ascending ; leaves somewhat heart-shaped, obtuse, crenate, 
downy, dotted; stipulas fringed; peduncles longer than the 
leaves ; nectaries hooked; sepals much drawn out at the base ; 
spur long, recurved ; two lateral petals downy at the base. Y. 
H. Native of North America on the west coast. Habit of V. 
canina, and the whole herb is minutely speckled like it, but 
is easily distinguished by the strongly recurved spur, as well 
as in the whole plant being more or less downy. Flowers blue ? 
Hooked-spurred Violet. Pl. 4 foot. 
82 V. pirru sa (Ging. mss. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 298.) 
stigma somewhat capitate, with a very short, blunt, naked, beak; 
stems simple, decumbent; leaves ovate, crenate, tapering into 
the footstalks, with the nerves and margins pilose; stipulas 
lanceolate, toothed, ciliated ; sepals lanceolate, acute; nectaries 
broad at the base, emarginate above on the outside. Y. F. 
Native of Nipaul. Very like V. Nuttall of Pursh. Flowers 
ellow. 
Diffuse Violet. Pl. 4 foot. 
83 V. purpura’scens (Schmidt, fl. boh. ex Spreng. syst. 1. 
p- 799.) stem procumbent ; leaves reniform, cordate, bluntish ; 
calyx acute; capsule pubescent; spur short, blunt. Y%. H. 
Native of Bohemia. Flowers purplish. Stigma unknown. 
Purplish Violet. Pl. procumbent. 
84 V. rra'crans (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem 
simple, 1-flowered ; leaves spatulate-oblong, stalked, nerveless, 
rather villous; sepals acute; spur short. %. H. Native of 
Crete. Flowers blue? sweet-scented. Stigma unknown. 
Fragrant Violet. Pl. 3 foot. ° 
85 V. rosrra‘ra (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) stigma 
beaked ; beak somewhat erect, acute, naked; stems simple, de- 
cumbent; leaves cordate, glabrous, serrated ; stipulas lanceolate, 
awl-shaped, serrately-ciliated, glabrous; spur straight, obtuse, 
longer than the corolla. X4. H. Native on shady rocks near 
Easttown, Pennsylvania, and on the Alleghany mountains. 
Flowers pale-blue, externally purple; petals all beardless ; 
stigma clavate, without a beak. (Nutt.) Peduncles long. 
Beaked-spurred Violet. Fl. May, June. Pl. } foot. 
86 V. pe’sitis (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174. not of 
Michx.) stigma papillose, recurved, beaked ; stems almost sim- 
ple, decumbent ; leaves reniform-cordate, acutish, smoothish, 
serrulate or crenate; stipulas lanceolate, serrate-ciliated ; sepals 
lanceolate, glabrous ; petals oblong, 2 lateral ones bearded ; spur 
long. %. H. Native in low grounds from Pennsylvania to Ca- 
rolina. V. canina, Walt. fl. carol. 219. Flower small, pale-blue. 
Weak-stemmed Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 foot. 
87 V. arena‘ria (D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 806.) glaucous, pubes- 
cent; stigma papillose, somewhat recurved; stems simple, 
rather erect; leaves cordate-roundish ; stipulas erect, ciliately- 
serrated ; sepals lanceolate-oblong, acute ; capsules turbinately- 
elliptical, obtuse, pubescent ; seeds ovate, chesnut-coloured. 
%4. H. Native of sandy places in Vallais, Alps of Piedmont, 
Provence, about Moscow, and in the Caucasus. V. Allidni, Pio. 
diss. p. 20. t. 1. f. 2. V.glatica, Bieb. suppl. p. 165? V. ru- 
péstris, Schm. fl. boh. cent. 3. t. 1. p. 50. t. 312.? V. pusilla, 
Schleich. in litt. V. lívida, Kit. V. nummularifòlia, Schleich. 
Plant glaucous. Flowers blue. Spur obtuse, 
