332 
ovate, but the lower ones are somewhat cordate, crenate, fringed ; 
stipulas pinnatifid, rather lyrate; spur tubular, obtuse, shorter 
than the sepals; nectaries shorter than the stamens ; seeds ob- 
long-obovate. 4. H. Native on cretaceous rocks, and in 
fields from Rouen to Melda. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 809. Pio. diss. 
t. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1498. V. hispida, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 679. 
V. pildsa, Donn, cant. ed. 3. p. 40. Scarcely differing from y. 
tricolor. Flowers bright blue, the side petals and lip striped 
with black. Bracteas near the flower, large, lanceolate, with a 
tooth on each side. 
Rouen Violet, or Pansy. FI. April, Aug. Clt. 1781. Pl. 4 ft. 
137 V. pectina‘ra (Walds. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 248. t. 223.) 
root rather fusiform; stem branched, declinate; leaves lanceo- . 
late, oblong, smooth, crenate ; stipulas pinnatifid, ciliated; spur 
thick, blunt; sepals elongated. %.H. Native of Hungary, 
Transylvania, and Italy, among broken rocks. V. tricolor, 3, 
declinata, Ging. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 803. Flowers pale 
blue, larger than the calyx. 
Declinate Violet, or Pansy. 
Pl. 4 foot. 
138 V. tri’coror (Lin. spec. 1326.) root somewhat fusi- 
form; stems branched, diffuse; lower leaves ovate-cordate, 
deeply crenate ; stipulas runcinately-pinnatifid, with the middle 
lobe crenated ; petals incumbent, with short claws; spur thick, 
obtuse, not stretched out ; nectaries short ; seeds oblong-ovate. 
©.H. Native in cultivated fields and gardens throughout Eu- 
rope, Siberia, and North America ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, 
eng. bot. t. 1287. Woodv. suppl. t. 252. Curt. lond. fase. 1. 
t. 65. Bracteas very small, scarcely evident. Petals.very vari- 
able in colour and size. This is a very variable species, or more 
probably a heterogeneous mass of species collected. 
Heart’s-ease has ever been a favourite flower with the people, 
and has many provincial names, all bearing some allusion to love. 
In days of superstition it was called Herb Trinity; probably 
from the three-coloured flowers. Heart’s-ease is the general 
name by which it is now known; its more elegant name, Pan- 
sies, is from the French pensée. The meaning is alluded to by 
Shakspeare, in Hamlet,—“ There’s pansies, that’s for thoughts.” 
Hearlt’s-ease was represented by old writers on the Materia 
Medica, as a powerful medicine in epilepsy, ulcers, scabies and 
cutaneous complaints. Haase, who administered it in various 
and in large doses, extended its use to many chronic disorders ; 
and from the great number of cases in which it proved successful, 
it seems to deserve farther trial. Heart’s-ease, when strongly 
bruised, exhales a smell resembling peach-kernels. Distilled 
with water, whether it be fresh or dried, it gives a little volatile 
oil, of a very acrid taste, having the above-mentioned smell. 
The corolla yields to water a highly colouring principle. 
Var. a, horténsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 303.) petals intensely 
velvety, much larger than the calyx. Fl. dan. 603. 
Var. 3, degéner, (D. C. 1. c.) somewhat branched ; flowers 
3-coloured, rather velvety ; petals a little larger than the calyx ; 
stipulas large. In cultivated fields. 
Var. y, alpéstris (D. C. 1. c.) stem elongated ; leaves remote ; 
flowers sulphur-coloured, spotted with purple, larger than the 
calyx. In meadows on the Alps. V. lutea, Tratt. tab. 43. V. 
lutea and saxátilis, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 257 and 259 2 
Var. ò, crassifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, thickish ; flowers 
yellow, scarcely larger than the calyx. In Neustria, by the 
sea-side. 
Var. £, calycina (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, ovate, rather 
crowded: calyx large. In the mountains of Teneriffe. 
Var. č, appendiculata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves tapering to both 
ends ; calyx drawn out much at the base, larger than the corolla. 
Between Bagdad and Kermancha. Perhaps the same as e, caly- 
cia. 
Fl. May, August. Clt. 1817. 
VIOLARIE. IV. Viotra. 
Var. n, purpirea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate; sepals shortish, 
broad, drawn out much at the base; flowers purple, larger than 
calyx. In Armoracea. 
Var. «, ovatifolia (D.C. 1. c.) stems diffuse, branched ; leaves 
ovate ; flowers 3-coloured, scarcely longer than the lanceolate 
sepals. 
Dar. x, arvénsis, (D. C. 1. c.) stems branched, assurgent ; 
petals yellowish, blue, or purple spotted. Frequent in sandy 
cultivated fields. V. arvénsis, Sibth. 84.—Riv. pentap. Jorr. t. 
122.—Math. valgr. 2. p. 525. f. Pet. h. brit. t. 37. f. 9. This 
is most likely a distinct species. 
Var. \, .sabulòsa (D. C. 1. c.) stems many, diffuse; leaves 
remote, ovate, elongated; sepals narrow-lanceolate, hardly shorter 
than the corolla. In sand by the sea-side in Belgium and 
France. Perhaps V. Bannática, Kit. 
Var. u, graciléscens (D. C. 1. c.) stems almost simple, elon- 
gated, erect; sepals narrow, usually longer than the two-coloured 
corolla, In fields near Bern. 
Var. v, triméstris (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, véry slender ; sti- 
pulas very small; sepals linear. About Lisbon. V. trícolor 
triméstris flore variorum colorum elegans, Grisl. vir. lus. 
Var. č, hirta (Ging. mss. et D. C. 1. c.) velvety-hairy ; flow- 
ering earlier than April. Stipulas pinnatifid at the base. In 
Vallais. Perhaps V. Kitaibeliana, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 
383. 
Var. o, bellioides (D. C. 1. c.) rather hispid; stems very 
short; leaves roundish, crowded; petals shorter than the calyx. 
In sandy places about Montpelier, and in the Nebrodes of Sicily. 
V. parvula, Tineo. pug. sic. 5. no. 3. 
Three-coloured Violet, Heart’s-ease, or Pansy, &c. Fl. April, 
October. Britain. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 
139 V. rene’tra (Poir. in. Lam. dict. no. 53.) lower leaves 
roundish, minute, upper ones somewhat alternate, oblong, obtuse, 
all smooth and entire ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves. 
©.H. Native of Syria. V. tricolor, var. m. nana, D. C. prod. 
1. p. 303. This plant is rather remarkable in having the lower 
leaves opposite. The cotyledons remain even to the time of 
flowering. 
Tender violet. Fl. May, July. Pl. 2 inches. 
140 V. si’coror (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) mostly 
smooth ; stem triquetrous, erect, simple, leafy; leaves toothed, 
radical ones roundish, or spatulate, upper ones ovate, or lanceo- 
late ; petioles short ; stipulas large, pinnatifid or palmate, mid- 
dle lobe longer and broader, the rest linear-oblong, all obtuse, 
and ciliated; peduncles tetragonal, much longer than the leaves ; 
sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, emarginate behind ; 
two lateral petals bearded; stigma rather pubescent, hardly 
beaked. ©. H. Native of North America, in fields in New 
Jersey, New York, and of Pennsylvania and Virginia. V. te- 
nélla, Le Conte in ann. lyc. new york, 2. p. 152. V. arvensis, 
Elliot. Flowers white, tinged or veined with blue or purple, 
yellow at the base. According to Pursh. there are specimens in 
Mr. Lambert’s Herbarium, gathered by Pallas in Siberia, which 
correspond with the North American plant. 
Two-coloured Violet. Fl. May, July. Pl. 4 foot. 
Sect. V. Lepri‘ptum (from Aerroc, leptos, slender ; form of 
style.) Ging. mss. D.C. prod. 1. p. 304. Stigma proboscis- 
like, truncate, with a minute hole at the tip. Style awl-shaped, 
flexuous, Stamens oblong, approximate, 2 of which are usually 
furnished with longer terminal appendages than the others. 
Torus flattish. Capsule 3-lobed or triangular, few-seeded. The 
petals of all are perhaps smooth. 
141 V. ruBe’t1a (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 531. f. 1.) stems 
erect; leaves ovate or oblong, acute, crenate-serrate, shorter 
than the peduncle; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously-toothed ; 
