336 
VIII. PI’'GEA (meaning unknown). 
p. 307, 
Lin. syst. Pentdéndria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, run- 
ning into the pedicel at the base. Petals unequal, lower one 
4or 5 times larger than the rest, gibbous at the base, and 
unguiculate, with a dilated obovate flat limb, which is convolute 
in eestivation, the rest a little longer than the calyx, Filaments 
dilated from the base, bearing the anthers low down; lobes of 
anthers usually drawn out into a bristle at the apex. Cap- 
sules generally trigonal, 3-valved ; seeds usually angular, Herbs 
or subshrubs. Leaves generally alternate. Flowers erectish. 
Peduncles bibracteolate, not jointed, solitary, often racemosely- 
crowded at the top of the branches. 
1 P. Fitiro’rmis (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stem 
erect, undivided; leaves alternate, linear, quite entire ; lower 
petal obovate, entire; sepals lanceolate, acute. %. ©. G. 
Native in New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers small, blue ? 
Filiform Pigea. Pl. } foot. 
2 P.? Bangsia na (Ging. mss. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 307.) 
stem erect, puberulous; leaves alternate, oblong-linear, quite 
entire, with revolute margins, upper surface roughish, as well as 
the awl-shaped stipulas ; lower petal much longer than the calyx ; 
seeds elliptical, white, striated? k. G. Native of New South 
D. C. mss. and prod. 1. 
Wales. Viola angustifolia, Herb. Banks. Flowers small, 
blue? Perhaps the same as the preceding. 
Banksian Pigea. Shrub 1 foot, 
3 P.? catycrna (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stems 
branched ; leaves linear, quite entire; lower petal lanceolate, 
acute; sepals ovate, acuminated. ©? G. Native in New Hol- 
land on the western coast. Flower small, blue ? 
Large-calyxed Pigea. Pl. 3 foot. 
4 P.? monope’tata (Ging. mss. and D.C. prod, 1. p. 307.) 
stems branched; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal spatu- 
late, emarginate, the rest hardly evident ; sepals ovate. Ionidium 
monopétalum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 400. 
One-petalled Pigea. Pl. 3 foot. 
Cult. The species may be grown in a mixture of loam and 
peat, and no doubt cuttings, if planted under a hand-glass in 
sand, will root readily, or they may be increased by seeds. t 
1X. IONI’DIUM (cor, ion, a violet, and edoc, eidos, similar ; 
resemblance). D.C. prod. 1. p. 307. Ionídii, spec. Vent. 
malm. p. 27. Sdlea, spec. Spreng. 
Lin. syst. Pentdéndria, Monogynia. Sepals small, unequal, 
running into the peduncle at the base, but not appendiculate, 
with membranous margins. Petals unequal, lower one 2 or 3 
times longer than the rest, carinately-concave and a little gibbous 
at the base, unguiculate, gradually dilating into the limb, with the 
margin usually involute in estivation. Stamens approximate ; 
filaments scarcely oblong-dilated from the base, bearing the 
anthers low down ; the 2 anterior ones are usually furnished each 
with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule as in Viola, but not 
elastic, falling off after maturity by the jointed part of the 
peduncle, 1-6, rarely 9-seeded. Cotyledons usually reniform ; 
radicle short. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves sometimes alter- 
nate, sometimes opposite, or the lower ones opposite and the 
upper ones alternate. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, furnished 
with 2 little bracteas above the middle and jointed. Flowers 
erectish. The roots of all the species are more or less emetic, 
The roots of several are used in Brazil as emetics under the 
name of Poaya or Ipecacuanha. 
§ 1. Lip stipitate, twice or thrice longer than the calyx. 
1 I.? ano’Matum (H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 381.) 
t. 500.) puberulous; stem branched; rameal leaves alternate, 
VIOLARIEÆ. VIII. Picea. 
IX, Ionrpium. 
lanccolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, upper surface glabrous, 
under surface hoary; stipulas broad, ovate, acute; sepals ovate- 
acute, silky-pubescent; lip lanceolate, 4 or 5 times longer than 
the calyx, the rest of the petals ovate, acute. h.S. Native in 
woods near Turbaco in New Granada. Viola prunifolia. Willd. 
rel. in Rim. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers white, rising 
before the leaves. Anthers linear-oblong ; 2 of which are fur- 
nished with hooked, descending appendages, which are villous at 
the apex, and these are drawn in within the jointed concave spur, 
Anomalous Ionidium. Tree 20 feet. 
2 I. racemosum (Nees et Mart. act. bon. 12. p. 49.) 
herbaceous ; stem erect; leaves lanceolate, serrated; racemes 
axillary, furcately divided, leafy at the base and naked at the 
top: flowers very minute. 4. S. Native of Brazil. Stem 
smooth at the base. Leaves rather pubescent. Flowers white. 
* Sepals ciliated. 
Racemose Ionidium. PI. 1 foot. 
3 1. PARIETARIÆFOLIUM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem 
branched, pubescent; leaves alternate, elliptical, or ovate-lan- 
ceolate, acuminated, toothed, somewhat pubescent, two-coloured ; 
stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated; sepals acuminated, ciliated ; limb 
of lower petal somewhat rhomboid. ©?S. Native of South 
America. Flowers white or blue. 
Var. a, Houstòni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) leaves sharply ser- 
rated; stem hairy. Native about Vera Cruz and in Peru, Viola 
frutéscens, Ruiz et Pav. ined. 
Var. B, Bertèrii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves rather serrated ; 
stem pubescent. Native in St. Martha. Viola melanospérma, 
Bertero ined. Seeds lenticular, ovate, dark, shining. Cotyle- 
dons reniform. 
Péllitory-leaved Yonidium. FI. July. Pl. 1 foot. 
4 I. terrorui’zum (D.C. mss. and prod.-1. p. 308.) stem 
simple or sparingly branched, smoothish ; leaves alternate, gla- 
brous, ovate, acute, toothed, tapering into the footstalk ; stipulas 
linear-awl-shaped ; sepals very acute. ©.? S. Native of 
Malabar and Tranquebar in sand.—Rheed. mal. 9. p. 119. t 
61.—Pluk. alm. t. 120. f. 8. Hardly differing from the pre- 
ceding species. Two of the petals are rose-purple, the third 
blue. 
Slender-rooted Ionidium. Fl. July. Pl. $ foot. 
5 I. Care’nsz (Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. $93.) stem suffru- 
ticose, erect; leaves alternate, obovate, obsoletely-toothed, pu- 
bescent ; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated; sepals acute, ciliated. 
h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Viola Capensis, 
Thunb. prod. 40. Vìola Massòni, herb. Banks. Flowers 
white. 
‘ar. B, Owariénse (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) upper leaves lan- 
ceolate, somewhat crowded, under surface smoothish; sepals 
pubescent; lip very gibbous at the base. Native of Guinea 1n 
the kingdom of Waree. Flowers pale-blue. 
Var. y? Burménni (D. C. prod. 1. c.) upper leaves oblong- 
lanceolate, smoothish beneath ; lip obovate, gibbous at the bases 
pubescent on the outside. Native of the East Indies. Differing 
from I. heterophýllum, in the sepals being ciliated, not smooth. 
Flowers pale-blue. ft 
Cape lonidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 1 f 
6 I. HETEROPHY’LLUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stem 
suffruticose, branched at the base; lower leaves obovate, upper 
ones linear-lanceolate, obsoletely toothed, pubescent ; stip . 
awl-shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, glabrous. h.G@ 1 
tive of China and Ceylon. Polygala frutéscens, Burm. fl. zey! 
195. t. 852 Flowers pale-blue. 
Variable-leaved Ionidium. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. ba- 
7 I. BuxròLUM (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) stem me te 
ceous, diffuse ; leaves alternate, obovate, entire, with revo i 
margins; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid; sepals acuminated, gi? 
