338 
linear-awl-shaped, quite entire, scariose ; lip large, broad, ob- 
cordate ; filaments longer than the lobes of the anthers. 2%. S. 
Native of Brazil in grassy fields near the village called Conten- 
das, in the desert of the river St. Francisco. Petals pale-blue. 
Var. B, dentatum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 484.) lower leaves obso- 
letely-toothed. 
Woolly Ionidium. FI. Sept. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 
22 I. xanum (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 484. t. 23. f. b.) 
stem dwarf; leaves alternate, upper ones sometimes opposite, 
acutish, toothed, but quite entire at the base, pubescent or 
pilose; footstalks hairy; stipulas small, linear, acute; sepals 
lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, hairy ; lip of flower large, 
transversely-elliptical, truncate and toothed at the apex. h. S. 
Native of Brazil in dry pastures, near the Fort called Belem, in 
the province Rio Grande do Sul. Petals white, but yellow at 
their base. 
Dwarf lonidium. Fl. Jan. Shrub 2 or 3 inches. 
23 I. sicıggòsum (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 418. t. 23. 
f. d.) stem shrubby ; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 
nated, obsoletely toothed, glabrous, with the middle nerve pu- 
bescent ; flowers all axillary ; sepals finely ciliated ; lip of flower 
ovate-oblong, obtuse, bigibbose at the base of the claw. h.S. 
Native of Brazil in old woods near the town of St. Carlos, in the 
province of St. Paul. Petals greenish. 
Bigibbous-lipped Ionidium. Fl. Oct. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 
24 I. opposiriroLium (Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 395. St. 
Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 487.) stem suffruticose, branched ; 
leaves opposite, almost sessile, lanceolate-linear, remotely ser- 
rated, but very entire at the apex, with scabrous margins ; 
stipulas awl-shaped ; flowers in racemes ; calyx glabrous ; lip of 
flower transversely-elliptical, with rounded sides. h.S. Na- 
tive of Brazil in the sand on the banks of the river Jiquitinhonha, 
on the confines of the provinces of Bahia and Minas Geraes. 
Viola oppositifolia, Lin. spec. 1327. Petals violaceous. 
Opposite-leaved Ionidium. Fl. July. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
§ 2. Lip almost sessile, hardly twice the length of the calyx. 
25 I. arrorurpu'reum (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 490.) 
stem suffruticose ; lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate, all 
acuminated and acute, obsoletely serrated, glabrous; stipulas 
caducous; flowers all racemose, small ; sepals finely ciliated ; 
lip of flower orbicular, scarcely larger than the lateral petals. 
h.S. Native of Brazil on the margins of woods on the moun- 
tain called Serra-da-Estrada-Nova, a little distance from Rio 
Janeiro; also in cultivated places, and in the cut down woods 
called Capueiras, near a farm called Uba. Lip of flower dark- 
purple. 
Dark-purple-lipped Ionidium. Fl. Nov. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 
26 I. ruesmrézium (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, 
simple, glabrous ; leaves alternate, narrow, very long, glabrous, 
quite entire; stipulas and sepals awl-shaped; petals scarcely 
longer than the calyx. 2%. S. Native of Senegal and other 
parts of Guinea. Viola thesiifdlia, Poir. dict. 8. p. 649. 
Flowers very small, pale-blue. 
Thesium-leaved Ionidium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 ft. 
27 I. uin1roLium (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, 
* puberulous ; leaves alternate, linear, narrow, smooth ; stipulas 
awl-shaped. ©? S. Native of Madagascar. Viola linifòlia, 
Poir. dict. 8. p. 647. Flowers pale-blue. 
Flax-leaved Ionidium. Fl. June, J uly. Pl. 4 foot. 
28 I. POLYGALÆFÒLIUM (Vent. malm. t. 27.) stems branched, 
diffuse, procumbent; branches puberulous; leaves opposite, 
lanceolate, rather entire ; stipulas lanceolate, one-half shorter 
than the leaves; sepals ovate-oblong, acute, pubescent ; lip 
spatulate, rounded at the apex, exceeding the calyx; nectarial 
scales fleshy; capsules roundish, trigonal, 1-5-seeded ; seeds 
VIOLARIEE. 
. faces; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, puberulous, 
IX. Ionrpium. 
somewhat globose, shining, black, with the sides flattened ; 
cotyledons reniform. kh. S. Native of New Spain, and near 
Mexico. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 376. t. 496. 
Sdlea verticillata, Spreng. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1800. vol. 2. p. 
190. t. 6. Viola verticillata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 50. Flowers 
greenish-yellow or white. 
Milkmort-leaved Ionidium. 
1 foot. 
29 I. vrtTIcæròLium (Mart. mat. med. bras. ex Spreng. syst. 
append. p. 98.) branches covered with clammy pubescence ; 
leaves almost sessile, somewhat cordate, ovate, acute, serrated, 
smooth ; peduncles few-flowered ; sepals entire ; lower petals 
square. %. S. Native of Brazil. Sdlea_urticef lia, Spreng. 
l.c. Flowers white or bluish. Root emetic. 
Nettle-leaved Ionidium. PI. 1 foot. ~ 
30 I. era'ciLE (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. and D. C. 
prod. 1. p. 309.) stems erectish, almost simple ; leaves alternate, 
oblong, entire ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, one-half shorter than 
the leaves; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, lower one 
hardly larger than the rest ; seeds ovate, black. 2%. S. Native 
Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 
` of Mexico. Perhaps a variety of I. polygalef òlium. 
Slender Ionidium. Pl. 4 foot. 
31 I. viscr'‘putum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 377.) 
stem woody, erect, branched, clammy ; leaves opposite, lanceo- 
late, glabrous, remotely serrulate ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute ; 
sepals ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; lip with a long claw, very 
broad, ovate, acute, dilated and concave at the base ; the lateral 
petals length of the claw of the superior petal; 2 anterior sta- 
mens, each furnished at the base with a gland ; terminal mem- 
branes acute. h. S. Native in humid sandy places near An 
gustura on the banks of the Orinoco. Flowers sweet-scentec, 
white ; but with the lip spotted with yellow at the base. 
Viscid-branched Ionidium. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 
32 I. rira rium (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 378.) 
stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pubescent ; lower 
leaves opposite, lanceolate, crenate-serrated ; glabrous, soe, 
what ciliated ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute ; sepals lanceo: rf 
acuminated or awl-shaped, ciliated ; lip unguiculate, ovate-roun if 
ish, saccate and concave at the base; lateral petals one-ha 
shorter than the rest, all ciliated towards the base ; flame 
almost wanting, 2 anterior ones furnished each with a scale- 
formed gland; terminal membranes acute; capsules Native 
globose, somewhat compressed, shining, brown. ©. S. Nat n 
of the kingdom of New Granada near Angostura de Carare, 0 
the banks of the river Magdalena, at the height of 360 feet: - 
attenuatum, Willd. herb. ex Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. P. 402. 
Flowers blue. 
River-side Tonidium. Fl. June, July.. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 5 
33 I. versena'ceum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. “ P. 
379. t. 497.) stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, Pa 
bescent; leaves alternate, ovate-elliptical, acute, mn t- 
the footstalk at the base, crenate-serrated, hairy on both $ 
somewhat Jonger 
than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acumina 
ciliated ; lip with a long claw, roundish-elliptic, furnishe aly x: 
2 gibbosities at the base, twice or thrice longer than the ¢ 7 á 
lateral petals a little longer than the calyx ; filaments shor S 
inferior, gibbous at the base, in consequence of each being l 
nished with a gland ; terminal membranes emarginate. eY 
Gathered in the gardens of Mexico. Flowers pale-blue. r 
Vervain-like Ionidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. pl. Fo, 
34 I. circæorpes (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. P- ; 
t. 498.) stem herbaceous, erect, simple, puberulous ; Jeen 
posite, ovate, acuminated, serrate, glabrous, rounded at the vals 
stipulas glabrous, linear, falcate, almost equalling the foots? lip 
in length; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous + 
