348 
the middle of each. Seeds arillate. Herbs very smooth. 
Leaves ovate-cordate, cauline ones usually clasping the stem, or 
sessile. Flowers of all white, striped with green, The tuft of 
glands are yellow. 
1 P. ratu’stris (Lin. spec. 391.) appendages furnished with 
9-13 glandular bristles ; petals almost sessile, somewhat emar- 
ginate ; radical leaves cordate, cauline ones clasping the stem. 
Native throughout Europe in marshes and bogs, plentiful in 
Britain in mountainous countries. Smith, engl. bot. t. 82. Mill. 
illustr. t. 15. Curt. fl. lond. t. 1. FI. dan. t. 584. Flowers 
elegant, white, marked with greenish pellucid veins. Glands of 
appendages or scales yellow, as well as in all the rest of the species. 
Marsh or Common Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Septemb, Oct. 
Britain. Pl. 4 foot. 
2 P. parvirto'ra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) appendages fur- 
nished with 5-7 glandular bristles ; petals sessile ; radical leaves 
ovate, cauline ones sessile. %.H, Native of North America 
in Pennsylvania and Virginia in bog meadows. Perhaps P. pa- 
lastris, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 208, and also perhaps P. 
ténuis, Wahl. fi. lapp. no..137. Flowers white, with netted 
` veins of green or pale purple. 
Small-flowered Grass of Parnassus. 
1820. Pl. 4 foot. 
-3 P. ova`ra (Ledeb. act. petr. 1815. p. 514.) appendages 
furnished with 3 glandular-bristles ; radical leaves ovate, cauline 
ones somewhat cordate, clasping the stem. 2. H. Native in 
bogs in eastern Siberia. Flowers white. 
Var. B, Belvisii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) radical leaves 5-7- 
nerved, cauline ones ovate. XY. H. Native of North America. 
P. ovata, Beauv. ined. 
Ovate-leaved Grass of Parnassus. FI. Jul. Aug. Pl. 4 tol ft. 
4 P. Carotinia‘na (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 184.) append- 
ages furnished with 3 glandular bristles ; petals almost sessile ; 
radical leaves somewhat orbicular, cauline ones ovate, sessile. 
%.H. Native of North America in swamps and mosses from 
New York to Virginia, and from Carolina to Canada. Sims, 
bot. mag. t. 1459. Flowers white, netted, with veins of green 
or pale purple, the flowers have a greenish tint. . 
Carolina Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1802. Pl. 4 ft. 
5 P. asarrro'rra (Vent. malm. t. 39.) appendages furnished 
with 3 glandular bristles ; petals unguiculate; radical leaves 
kidney-shaped, cauline ones somewhat cordate, orbicular. %. H. 
Native of North America on high mountains in Virginia and Ca- 
rolina. Flowers white, and are as well as leaves larger than 
those of the preceding species. 
Asarabacca-leaved Grass of Parnassus. Fl. July, Aug. 
1812. Pl. 4 foot. 
6 P. craxpiro ria (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) appendages fur- 
nished with 3 glandular bristles; petals oblong, sessile ; radical 
leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, 7-nerved, cauline ones somewhat 
cordate, orbicular. X4. H. Native of North America at Che- 
rokee. Flowers white. Leaves larger than in any other species. 
Great-leaved Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. PI. 2 ft. 
7 P. rrveria'tA (Banks, in Koen. ann. 1. p. 291.) appendages 
palmate, glandless ; petals obovate, unguiculated, fringed at the 
base ; radical leaves kidney-shaped, cucullate at the base, many- 
nerved, cauline ones cordate. %. H. Native on the western 
coast of North America. Flowers white. The leaves of this 
species are remarkably hollowed out at the base, close to the 
lateral ribs, which are connectcd with one another by a com- 
mon base, like the divisions of a pedate leaf, and have conse- 
quently a very elegant appearance. Hook. bot. misc. part. 1. 
t. . 
Fringed-petalled Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. 4 ft. 
8 P. Korzxesu'er (Cham. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 951.) ra- 
‘dical as well as cauline leaves ovate, tapering to both ends, 
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 
Cit. 
DROSERACEÆ. VIIL Parnassta. POLYGALEÆ, 
nerved; petals linear-oblong ; appendages furnished with nu- 
merous glandular bristles? %. F. Native of the north-west 
coast of America, round the Arctic Circle, plentiful in Escholtz 
Bay. Flowers white. 
Kotzebue’s Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. 4 to} ft. 
Cult. The species of this beautiful genus thrive best in á 
peat soil in a moist situation. They may be also grown in pots, 
which should be placed in pans of water. They may be all in- 
creased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seed, which 
ripen in plenty. Plants must be introduced, as seeds do not 
vegetate after a voyage. 
Orver XXIII, POLYGA‘LEZ (plants agreeing with Po- 
ljgala in many important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 14. 
p. 386. mem. mus. 1, p. 385. D.C. prod. 1. p. 321. 
Calyx of 5 sepals, which are imbricate in æstivation, the two 
inner ones usually petal-formed (f. 70. a.), the three outer ones 
smaller, of these last two are connected. Petals 3-5, hypogy- 
nous, more or less connected with the staminiferous tube, which 
is usually cleft in front (f. 70. b.), rarely distinct. Filaments united 
with the petals (f. 70. b.), monadelphous; these are divided at 
the top into 2 equal bundles, containing 4 anthers each. Anthers 
8, l-celled (f. 71. d.) inserted by the base, opening by a pore at 
the top. Ovary 1, free, 2-celled (f. 69. b.), rarely 1, (f. 70. a.) 
3-celled. Style 1, incurved (f. 70. ¢.). Stigma funnel-shaped 
or 2-lobed (f. 70. e.). Pericarp capsular (f. 71. f. f. 69. b.), or 
drupaceous (f. 70. d.), 2-celled (f. 69. b.), or only 1-celled ‘from 
abortion (f. 70.a.); valves bearing a dissepiment in the middle. 
Seeds solitary in the cells, pendulous (f. 70. d.), usually with an 
arillate caruncle at the base (f. 71. f.), sometimes pilose or with 
a tuft of hairs (f. 69. c.) Embryo straight, flat. Albumen 
thin but rarely wanting, with the endopleura sometimes tumid. 
Herbs or subshrubs, sometimes abounding in cream-coloured 
juice, but more especially in the roots. Leaves entire, for the 
most part alternate, articulated above the stem. Flowers dis- 
posed in racemes. The affinities of this truly natural order 
are extremely doubtful, The habit of the flowers is refer- 
able to Leguminése and. Fumariàceæ. The situation, dispo- 
sition, and number of the stamens nearly agree with Fumariacce- 
But if the sepals are admitted as 5, and the petals 5, and 3 
of which are supposed to be connected into a keel, Poly- 
galee is more nearly related to Legumindse than to any other 
Order. 
Most of the plants of this order are interesting, and deserving 
of the attention of gardeners, some for their neatness, some for 
their beauty, and some for their use in medicine. They are 
natives of most countries, and are either low herbaceous plants, 
or shrubs from a dwarf spiny habit, to a tall graceful droop 
appearance. The Order is remarkable for the umon of the 
stamens into a single body, and in the anthers opening by a por 
at the top, as well as in their irregular flowers ; one of the pa 
is usually keel-shaped, and beautifully crested or beardec 
The leaves have a bitter astringent taste, which is much more 
abundant in the roots, combined with an acrid flavour. Thee 
properties are particularly sensible in P. Sénega, which 18 a 
puted a sudorific, diuretic, sialagogue, cathartic, or mild emetic; 
