Var. B, subaphylla (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much longer, slenderer, 
nearly leafless; branches slenderer; whorls of leaves much 
more distant, lower ones deciduous, upper ones very minute ; 
upper part of the rachis quite naked, therefore the spikes of 
flowers appear to stand on long peduncles. 
Raddi’s Milkwort. Fl. Aug. Sep. Pl. į to $ foot. 
144 P. panicuza’ra (Lin. amoen. 5. p. 402.) racemes some- 
what spike-formed, loose, elongated ; wings of calyx elliptical, 
tapering into the claws, about equal in length to the keel ; leaves 
scattered, linear, tapering to both ends, mucronulate at the apex ; 
stem erect, much branched at the top; branches puberulous. 
©. S. Native throughout South America in dry places. Ker. 
bot. reg. t. 761. Flowers rose-coloured or pale purple. 
Var. B, Brasiliana (D. C. prod. 1. p. 329.) flowers smaller ; 
leaves broader. Native of Brazil. Seeds cylindrical, pubescent. 
Var. y, Africana (D.C. 1. c.) leaves linear-awl-shaped. Na- 
tive of Sierra Leone. 
This beautiful little plant has much the smell and taste of P. 
Sénega, but is not so strong or disagreeable. It is a mild at- 
tenuant and sudorific, and may be administered in infusions or 
decoctions. 
Panicled-flowered Milkwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 ft. 
145 P. scopa‘rra (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 399.) 
racemes spike-formed, rather loose ; leaves scattered, linear; stem 
erect, somewhat fastigiately-branched ; root vermicular, twisted. 
u.S. Native near Mexico. Herb smooth. Flowers white. 
Seeds oblong, cylindrical, covered with retrograde silky hairs. 
Broom Milkwort. Pl. 3 to 1 foot. 
146 P. corympdsa (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 54.) racemes 
many, disposed in a terminal corymb; wings of calyx oblong, 
cuspidate ; radical leaves obovate, cauline ones linear, uppermost 
ones awl-shaped. Y.F. Native in bogs among sphagnum 
from Carolina to Florida. P. cymésa, Walt. carol. 179. Flowers 
citron-yellow. 
Corymbose Milkwort. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. 
147 P. craminiroxta (Poir. dict. 5. p. 500.) racemes many, 
disposed into a terminal corymb ; wings of calyx oblong, acute ; 
radical leaves linear-spatulate, cauline ones linear-aw]-shaped. 
Y.F. Native of grassy places from Carolina to Florida. Per- 
haps P. attenuata, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 90. Flowers citron- 
yellow. A tall plant. 
Grass-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 3 feet. 
148 P. Baxpvint (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 90.) racemes nume- 
rous, corymbose, peduncled ; wings of calyx lanceolate, cuspi- 
date ; radical leaves spatulate, cauline ones alternate, lanceolate ; 
stem erect, angular, a little branched at the top. %. F. Na- 
tive of Florida near St. Mary’s. Flowers greenish-white. 
Baldwin’s Milkwort. P]. 3 foot. 
149 P. Nex (D.C. prod, 1. p. 329.) racemes many, short, 
crowded into a corymb: wings of calyx oblong, acute; leaves 
awl-shaped ; stems many, rising from the root, at top a little 
branched. ©.G. Native of Peru and Chili. Flowers white. 
Nee’s Milkwort. Pl. 4 foot. 
150 P. MUHLENBE'RGII; stem erect, pubescent ; branches 
twiggy ; leaves lanceolate, linear, ciliated; racemes elongated ; 
bracteas deciduous; flowers distinct. ©. H. Native of Georgia. 
P. pubéscens, Muhl. not of Nutt. 
Muhlenberg’s Milkwort. Pl. 4 foot. 
151 P. tinoipes (Poir. dict. 5. p. 449.) racemes somewhat 
spike-formed, elongated, acute ; wings elliptical, obtuse, hardly 
longer than the capsule; leaves small, linear, acuminated, 
crowded, rather falcate; stems tufted, branched at the top; 
seeds oblong-clavate, rather pilose. Y%.S. Native of Brazil 
about Monte-Video and Buenos-Ayres. Habit of Reseda glatca. 
Flowers white or green, usually coloured with purple. 
Flax-like Milkwort. Fl. Nov. Pl. 4 to = foot. 
POLYGALE. 
I. POoLYGALA. 
152 P. resEpoipes (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 31.) stem herba- 
ceous, tufted, simple, puberulous, full of resinous dots ; leaves 
numerous, narrow, linear, faleately curved, very acute ; racemes 
spike-formed, rather loose; wings obovate, very blunt, rather 
longer than the keel; seeds subcylindrical, rather pilose. O.S. 
Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and Cis 
Platine. Flowers white, often mixed with blue and purple. 
Mignonette-like Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Nov. Pl. 3 foot. 
153 P. punazia‘wa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 32. t. 85.) stems very 
slender ; leaves small, appressed, ovate-lanceolate, very much 
acuminated, mucronulate, cordate at the base; racemes spike- 
formed, slender ; wings ovate-rhomboid, hardly longer than the 
keel; seeds rather cylindrical, incurved, smooth. k . S. 
Native of Brazil near a town called Rio Pardo. Flowers purplish, 
disposed in racemes resembling Erica vulgaris. 
Var. 2, álba (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves less cordate at the base, 
less puberulous ; flowers white or pale purple. kh. S. In Minas 
Geraes. 
Dunal’s Milkwort. Fl. Feb. Sept. Sh. 1 foot. — 
154 P. area (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 87.) racemes spike-formed, 
peduncled ; wings of calyx roundish, length of corolla; leaves 
alternate, linear, with revolute margins ; stem simple, elongated. 
Y.F. Nativeof Upper Louisjana. P. Sénega, var. alba, Pursh. 
Flowers white. This plant possesses the same qualities as P. 
Sénega. no. 168. p. 359. 
White-flowered Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
155 P. RUBELLA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 464.) pubescent ; 
racemes rather loose, somewhat spiked, elongated ; wings of calyx 
oval, very blunt; leaves lanceolate-linear, mucronated; stem 
erect, furrowed, a little branched at the top. Y. H. Native 
in woods and on dry shady hills from Pennsylvania to Georgia. 
P. polygama, Walt. Flowers pale red. This species approaches 
near to P. vulgaris. , 
Like some of the European species this plant is a powerful 
bitter, imparting its properties both to water and- alcohol, 
In the United States of America it is administered in small 
doses, as a useful tonic and stimulant to the digestive organs. 
In large doses it operates as a cathartic and excites diaphoreses. 
Dr. Bigelow says its powers appear to resemble the P. vulgaris 
and P. amara of Europe, which are considered tonic and expec- 
torant. 
Red-flowered Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 foot. 
156 P. Duarrea'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 34.) stem herba- 
ceous, puberulous; leaves linear, acute, on short petioles, 
smooth ; racemes spike-formed, narrow, loose ; wings elliptic 
or obovate, bluntish, about equal in length with the keel; seeds 
clavate, rather pilose. ©. S. Native of Brazil in the province 
of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish-white. 
Duarte’s Milkwort. Fl. Dec. Feb. Pl. 1 to 14 foot. eu 
157 P. Rovsre’nna (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 35.) stem su ru 
ticose, tufted, or a little branched; leaves obtuse, mucronulate, 
lower ones obovate ; racemes spike-formed, truncate at the ape K 
loose ; wings elliptical, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, Taus 
in length to the keel ; seeds rather cylindrical, incurved, vious; 
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes- 
Roubieu’s Milkwort. Fl. Mar. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. tems 
158 P. Moaurnsa'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 86. t. 86.) es 
suffruticose, prostrate, somewhat quadrangular, pubem Ois 
leaves numerous, distich, lanceolate, mucronulate, puberulo ? 
obsoletely-dotted ; racemes capitate, obtuse, dense, on long Pi 
duncles ; wings lanceolate, acute, longer than the keel ; ae 
cylindrical, pubescent. h.S. Native of Brazil in the prov “ne 
of St, Paul. The heads of flowers resemble those of Jasi 
or Globulària. 
Moquin-Tandon’s Milkwort. Fl. Mar. Sh. 4 foot. 
159 P. onova'ra (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 37.) stem suffrutr 
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