370 
and St. Thomas, among stones. Jacq. amer. p. 197. t.183. 
f. 39. Swartz. obs. 294. Flowers purple. 
Erect Securidaca, Shrub 12 feet. 
14 S. PANICULATA (Lam. ill. t. 599. f. 2. Poir. dict. 7. p. 
52.) stem erect; leaves oval-oblong, rather acute ; branches 
smoothish; racemes terminal, somewhat compound, kh. S. 
Native of Cayenne. Wing of fruit appendiculate on the back 
from the base. Flowers purple. 
Panicled-flowered Securidaca, Shrub 6 feet. 
15 S. Brazitme’nsts (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 175.) leaves obo- 
vate, obtuse, pubescent beneath as well as the branches ; flowers 
panicled. k.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers purplish ? 
Brazilian Securidaca. Shrub 6 feet. 
Cult. The species of Securidéca grow well in a mixture of 
loam, peat, and sand, and if cuttings are planted in a pot of 
sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, they will root readily. 
POLYGALEZ. XI. Securipaca. 
XII. CARPOLO'BIA (from kapzoc, karpos, a fruit, and 
Aoßoc, lobos, a pod; in allusion to the berry containing a silky 
pod or seed.) 
Lin, syst. Monadélphia, Octandria. Sepals 5, somewhat 
bilabiate. Petals 3-5, with a large keel; the rest nearly equal, 
all unguiculate. Stamens 8, monadelphous? Drupe contain- 
ing 1 villous, silky seed, or a silky 1-seeded legume. Smooth- 
branched shrubs, with alternate, entire leaves. Flowers dis- 
posed in axillary few-flowered racemes. 
1 C. versi’cotor ; leaves oval, acuminated, mucronate, entire ; 
peduncles 3-5-flowered. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone on 
the mountains. Flowers cream-coloured, striated. 
Party-coloured-flowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 
2 C. pu‘zia; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the 
base, on long footstalks; racemes in panicles, many-flowered ; 
stamens distinct? kh.S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers 
white. 
Doubtful Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 
3 C. LUTEA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, mucronate; on short 
footstalks ; peduncles 2-5-flowered. h. S. Native of Sierra 
Leone. Flowers yellow. 
Yellow-flowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 
4 C. a’tBa; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on short 
footstalks ; peduncles usually 2-flowered. h. S. Native of 
Sierra Leone. Flowers white, streaked with red. 
White-flowered Carpolobia. Shrub 6 feet. 
Cult. These shrubs will grow freely in a mixture of loam 
and sand, and young cuttings will strike root in sand under a 
hand-glass, in heat. 
XIII. KRAMERIA (in honour of John George Henry and 
William Henry Kramer, M.D., father and son, German bota- 
nists ; the former published Tentamen Botanicum in 1728 and 
1744, the latter Flora Austrie in: 1756; it must also dis- 
tinguish John Rudolf Kramer, who wrote a dissertation on 
Myrtus in 1731), Loefl. itin. 195. Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. 
per. t. 3. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 390. D.C. prod. 1. p. 341. 
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Tetra-Hexdndria. Sepals 4 (f. 
71. a.), rarely 5, irregular, spreading, silky on the outside and 
coloured on the inside. Petals 4-5, in 2 series, 3 inner ones 
unguiculate, with the claws united at the base. Stamens 3 or 
4, somewhat monadelphous at their base or free; anthers open- 
ing by 2 pores at the apex (f. 71. d.). Fruit globose, indehiscent, 
covered with bristly prickles (f. 71. e. b.), 1-celled, 1-seeded 
(f. 71. e.), or incompletely 2-celled, 2-seeded. Embryo straight, 
Albumen none. Diffuse, many-stemmed shrubs. Leaves alter- 
nate, entire, simple or trifoliate. Flowers axillary, or on the top 
of the branchlets, generally solitary or disposed in spike-formed 
racemes. Pedicels usually furnished with 2 or 3 bracteas. 
XII. Carpotopra. XIII. Kramerta. 
* Leaves simple. 
1 K. rxina (Lin. spec. 177.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, with 
spiny points, villously-pubescent ; pedicels axillary, bibracteate, 
disposed in terminal racemes. h. S. Native of Cumana, 
where it is called cordilla breva, also near Angustura on the 
Orinoco, and St. Domingo. Flowers purple, tetrandrous. Whe- 
ther there be any thing viscid in this plant which might induce 
its discoverer to adopt the Greek word ixine does not appear. 
Ixina Krameria, Shrub procumbent. , , 
2 K. sEcuNDIFLÒRA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and 
D. C. prod, 1. p. 341.) leaves linear, acute, villous ; pedicels 
longer than the leaves, furnished with two bracteas, disposed in 
a secund raceme. X. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers pro- 
bably red. 
Secund-flowered Krameria. Pl. 1 foot. , , 
3 K.paucirtora (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and 
D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) leaves oblong-linear, villous ; pedicels 
few, longer than the leaves, bearing 2 bracteas on the middle of 
each; lower lobe of calyx gibbous. 2%. G. Native of Mexico. 
Flowers probably red. 
Few-flowered Krameria. Pl. 1 foot. 
4 K. rrra’npra (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. 
per. 1. t. 93.) leaves oblong, acut- , 
ish, silky-villous ; pedicels rather > 
longer than leaves, furnished with 
two bracteas, disposed in a short 
raceme. h.G. Native of Peru 
on declivities of sandy mountains, 
where the root is called Rattany, 
or Ratanhia. It possesses powerful 
tonic and astringent qualities. Ac- 
cording to the analysis of a French 
chemist it contains gallic acid, but 
neither tannin nor resin. 
This plant is gathered in large 
quantities, from which a beautiful 
extract is prepared, which, as well 
as the root, is imported into Portu- 
gal for improving the colour and richness of red wine. From 
this use in manufacturing of wine, the Portuguese and Spanish 
merchants have kept its properties so concealed, that in this 
country the root was unknown till very lately z the deep 
colour it communicates to port wine renders it an article of great 
and deserved value to the manufacturer of wine. The sensible 
properties chiefly reside in the cortical part of the root; the lig- 
neous part is tough and somewhat mucilaginous. On being 
slightly masticated the root discovers a grateful astringency, 
and is slightly aromatic and bitter. These qualities are imparte, 
as well as its colouring matter, to cold and boiling water an to 
proof spirit. The tincture made with brandy approaches very 
near to the flavour of port wine. The foreign extract, which a 
a gum-resin, is a very beautiful transparent article. The extrac 
made from a decoction or infusion of the root is powdery, as 
not so astringent as the powdered root. Dr. Duncan assert 
that the foreign extract of this root cannot be discovered from 
kino, but this melts and swells on exposure to the heat, ane 
thus it does when as dry as kino, which becomes charred on r 
posure to heat. Rhatany is a very valuable tonic medicine the 
indigestion arising from direct debility. The solution © 
foreign extract, dissolved in a camphoretic mixture, 1$ a ree 
in advanced stages of typhus fever ; and it possesses all the oe 
qualities of port wine and is exempt from its pernicious ing se 
dient alcohol. It is an excellent tonic to accompany the " 
of diuretics, cathartics and absorbent stimulants in cases of dropsy- 
It may be substituted for bark or kino. 
FIG, 71. 
