458 
ones rather imbricate; panicle coarctate ; sepals acute, serru- 
lated, shorter than the petals. h. S. Native of Brazil. 
Plant shrubby at the base. Flowers flesh-coloured. 
Flesh-coloured-flowered Flax. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
+ Species not sufficiently known, but most of which evidently 
belong to the last section, with blue flowers. 
71 L. Hisea’yicum (Mill. dict. no. 7.) stem panicled, pro- 
cumbent; leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate; sepals acute. 
Y.H. Native of Spain. Flowers like those of L. usitatissi- 
mum. 
Spanish Flax. FI. June, July. Clt.? Pl. procumbent. 
72 L. sre’Nne (Mill. dict. no. 8.) stems branched ; leaves 
alternate, linear ; sepals spreading, acuminated. ¢.H. Native 
of Istria. Flowers like those of L. usitatissimum. 
Biennial Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. 3 foot. 
73 L. raLLAsIa' NUM (Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.) plant pubes- 
cent; leaves linear, acute, hoary ; sepals smòothish, acute, with 
white, lacerated margins. Y. H. Native of Russia about 
Cherson. L. pubéscens, Willd. mss. Corolla blue, 3-times 
longer than the calyx. 
Pallas’s Flax. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
74 L. puse'scens (Russ. allep. ex Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.) 
stem round ; floral leaves opposite, lanceolate, pilose ; flowers 
almost sessile ; sepals ciliated, length of leaves. 4%?H. Native 
of Syria about Aleppo. Flowers unknown. 
Pubescent Flax. Pl. 1 foot. 
75 L. rrine’Rvium (Roth. nov. spec. 187.) plant glabrous; 
leaves alternate, linear, 3-nerved; sepals oblong, 3-ribbed. 
Native of the East Indies. Flowers perhaps yellow. 
Three-nerved-leaved Flax. Pl. 1 foot? 
76 L. Brorr‘r1 (Hoffmansegg.) sepals awl-shaped, larger 
than the calyx ; flowers rather panicled ; leaves filiform, glan- 
dularly ciliated. Native of Spain. Flowers white. 
Brotero’s Flax. Pl.? 
§ 3. 
77 L. carna’rticum (Lin. spec. 401.) plant erect, glabrous ; 
leaves opposite, obovate-lanceolate ; stem forked at the top. 
©. H. Native throughout Europe, both in dry and moist 
. meadows ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 6. t. 382. 
Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 19. Mart. rust. t. 135. Schkuhr. handb. 
1.t.87. Black herb. t. 868. Petals white, acute. Flowers 
pendulous before expansion. This plant is bitter, and power- 
fully, but as it seems, not dangerously cathartic. Dr. Wither- 
ing found 2 drachms or more, in a dose, of the dried herb, 
useful in obstinate rheumatisms. 
Cathartic or Purging Flax or Mill Mountains. Fl. June, July. 
Britain. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
Cult. Most of the species of this genus are very ornamental. 
The green-house and frame species grow freely in a mixture of 
loam and peat, and cuttings strike root readily in the same kind 
of soil under a hand-glass. The hardy shrubby species will 
grow in any light soil, and cuttings will root freely under a hand- 
glass. The hardy perennial species are well adapted for orna- 
menting flower-borders, but the dwarf kinds succeed best on 
rock-work, or to be grown in pots, that they may be protected 
by a frame in severe weather, or from too much wet; they may 
be increased by dividing the plants at the root, by cuttings 
planted under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which in most of the 
species ripen in abundance. The annual species only require 
to be sown in the open ground in April. 
Flowers white. Leaves opposite. 
II. RADTOLA (from radiolus, a little ray, in allusion to the 
rayed capsules). Gmel. syst. 1. p. 289. D.C. prod. 1. p. 428. 
1 
LINE. I. Linum. II. Rapiora. MALVACEZ. 
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Tetragynia. Sepals of calyx 4, 
joined to the middle, each of which is deeply and acutely 3-cleft. 
Petals 4, obovate, undivided, length of calyx. Anthers 2-lobed. 
Ovary 4-lobed. Styles 4, short. Stigmas capitate. Capsules 
roundish, somewhat pointed, with 8 furrows and 8 valves, with 
inflexed edges; 8 cells; seeds solitary in the cells, oval, com- 
pressed, polished. o. 
1 R. rıxoìes (Gmel, syst. 1. p. 289.). ©. H. Native in 
wet sandy ground throughout Europe; plentiful in Britain. 
R. millegrana, Smith. fl. brit. 202. engl. bot. 13. t. 893. 
Linum radiola, Lin. spec. 402. Fl. dan. t. 178.— Vaill. par. 33. 
t. 4. f. 6. Stem repeatedly forked, leafy, many-flowered, mo- 
derately spreading and somewhat corymbose. Leaves sessile, 
small, ovate, 3-ribbed. Flower-stalks solitary from the forks 
of the stem as well as its ultimate branches, white, very minute. 
Capsules light brown, rather depressed. , 
Flax-like Radiola or Flax-seed. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 inches. 
Cult. The seeds of this very small plant should be sown in 
a moist sandy situation, where it may afterwards be allowed to 
scatter itself. 
Order XXX. MALVA'CE (plants agreeing with Malva 
in important characters). Brown. congo. p. 8. Kunth, diss. 
1822. p.1. D.C. prod. 1. p. 429.—Malvaceee § 1, 2, 3. Juss. 
gen. 271. l 
Calyx usually of 5 sepals (f. 84. b. f. 85. b.), rarely 3-4, 
more or less connected at the base, valvate in æstivation, usually 
bearing bracteas at the base (f. 83. a. f. 84. a.), these constitute 
an outer calyx or involucrum. Petals equal in number to the 
sepals (f. 83. b. f. 84. c. f. 85. c.) and alternating with them, 
hypogynous, equal, twisted in æstivation (f. 84. b.), sometimes 
distinct, but usually adnate to the tube of the stamens at the 
base. Stamens numerous, definite, but usually indefinite (f. 
*84. d.); filaments connected into a column (f. 84. d.), un- 
equal, outer ones shortest; anthers 1-celled, kidney-shaped, 
bursting by a transverse chink. Ovary usually of many ` 
carpels (f. 83.e. f. 84. h.) disposed in a whorl around the axis, 
almost always connected. Styles equal in number with the 
ovaries, sometimes distinct, sometimes joined in one, with an equal 
number of stigmas (f. 84. g.) which are more or less distinct. 
Carpels sometimes 1-2-seeded, opening by a chink on the inside, 
sometimes many-seeded, opening by valves and with a dissepi- 
ment in the middle of each valve, bearing the seeds, some- 
times nearly free, sometimes connected into a many-celled 
capsule (f. 83. f. f. 84. h.) sometimes connate, into an anoma- 
lous kind of berry (f. 85. h.i.). Seeds ovate or somewhat trique- 
trous, covered by a smooth or villous epidermis (f. 83. g. f. 
84. i.). Albumen none. Embryo straight, dicotyledonous, 
with a terete radicle, and yellow twisted cotyledons. —Herbs, 
shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, usually stalked, toothed, 
or lobed. Villi usually stellately branched. Stipulas 2, at the 
sides of the leaves. Peduncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered, 
sometimes disposed in terminal racemose spikes in consequence of 
the upper leaves being absent. This order, before it was dis- 
membered from Bombacee and Bytineriacee, contained most of 
the grandest flowers in nature. Even now the splendour of 
various species of Althe'a, Hibiscus, &c. renders it a very Te- 
markable group of plants, the’ greater part of which are 
