510 BOMBACE£. 
and light, and is of no use as timber. In Abyssinia the wild 
bees perforate it for the purpose of lodging their honey in the 
holes, which honey is reckoned the best in the country. On the 
eastern coast of Africa the tree is liable to the attack of a 
species of fungus, which vegetates in the woody part, and which, 
without changing its colour or appearance, destroys life, and 
renders the part so attacked very soft. Such trunks as have been 
so attacked are hollowed out into chambers, and within them are 
suspended the dead bodies of those who are refused the honour 
of burial. There. they become mummies perfectly dry and 
well preserved, without any farther preparation or embalmment, 
and are known by the name of guiriots. The farinaceous pulp 
enveloping the seeds tastes somewhat like gingerbread, and. is 
eaten with or without sugar by the natives. At Bangole it 
forms the principal part of the food of the natives, who 
season many of their dishes with it, especially a kind of gruel 
made of corn called rooy. It was the chief support of Major 
Pedley’s expedition for 10 or 12 days. The juice, expressed and 
mixed with sugar or a syrup made of it, is used in putrid 
and pestilential fevers. At Cairo they reduce the pulp to a 
powder, and use it in these disorders, in the lientery, dysentery, 
and all sorts of fluxes. Owing to these circumstances, the fruit 
forms an article of commerce. The Mandingos carry it to the 
eastern and more southern parts of Africa, and through the 
medium of the Arabs it reaches Morocco and even Egypt. If 
the fruit is decayed or injured it is burned ; the leys are boiled 
with rancid palm-oil, and the negroes use it instead of soap. 
Digitate-leaved Adansonia, Monkey-bread-tree, or Ethiopian 
Sour-gourd. Fl Nov. Clt. 1724. Tree 30 feet. 
Cult. A rich loamy soil suits this tree well; and large, 
ripened cuttings will root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in 
a moist heat. 
IX. CAROLI'NEA (in honour of Sophia Caroline, Mar- 
chioness of Baden, a name which will be always dear to bota- 
nists). Lin. fil. suppl. p. 51 and 314. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. 
—Pachira, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 725. 
Lix. syst. Monadélphia, Polydndria Calyx naked, cup- 
shaped, truncate, permanent. Petals 5, ligulate, and very long. 
Stamens monadelphous at the base, divided at the top into 5 or 
more many-anthered bundles ; filaments forked, each fork bear- 
ing two anthers, one on each filament. Style very long. Stigmas 
5, spreading. Capsules woody, 5-valved, 5-celled, with a disse- 
piment in the middle of each valve, but it is sometimes so narrow 
as to make the fruit appear 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cover- 
ed with a kind of fleshy aril, and sometimes with silky wool. 
Cotyledons according to the younger Lin. are plaited.—Trees 
with palmate compound leaves and large showy flowers, which 
are solitary in the axillæ of the upper leaves. 
1 C. princeps (Lin. fil. suppl. 
314.) leaflets 5-8, ovate-lanceo- 
late, acuminate, smooth; pedun- 
cles equal with the membranous 
campanulate calyx, which has 5 
glands at the base; petals recurv- 
ed at the apex ; tube of stamens 
much longer than the calyx. kh. 
S. - Native of Guiana, Trinidad, 
and Brazil, in places saturated 
with seawater. Pachira aquatica, 
Aubl. guian, 2. p. 725. t. 291 and 
292. Cav. diss. 3. p. 176. t. 72. 
f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 589. Flowers 
large and very shewy. Petals yel- 
low at the top, and greenish at the 
base. Filaments red. Anthers 
FIG. 86. 
IX. CAROLINEA. 
purple. Perhaps Pachira nitida of H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 
amer. 5. p. 302? The fruit is eaten, but very flatulent when 
taken raw in any quantity (f. 86.). 
Princely Carolinea. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1787. Shrub 10 feet. 
2 C, arrrnis (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85.) peduncles 3-times 
longer than the cylindrical, coriaceous, thick calyx, which has 5 
glands at the base ; petals erect; tube of stamens much longer 
than the calyx ; anthers linear, fixed above the base; style to- 
mentose at the base. h.S. Native of Para on the margins 
of canals and banks of rivers. Leaves not known. Flowers 
brownish-green on the outside, but whitish within. 
Allied Carolinea. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 
3 C. rastuo’sa (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. 
prod. 1. p. 478.) leaflets 5, obovate, obtuse ; calyx truncate, 
quite entire; petals turned back on the calyx. .S. Native 
of New Spain in moderately warm places. -Xiloxochitl flore 
capillaceo, Hern. mex. 68. icon. Flowers blood-coloured. 
Stamens monadelphous, not polyadelphous as in the figure. 
Leaflets emarginate at the apex, sometimes purplish. 
Disdainful Carolinea. Shrub 12 feet. 
4 C. insi’ents (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1202.) leaflets 5-7, 
obovate-oblong ; calyx sinuated, smooth ; petals erect, spreading 
at the top; anthers oblong, incumbent ; ovary tomentose. k. S. 
Native of Martinique, Tobago, and other West India islands ; 
also on the main land of South America, especially in Guiana, 
Cayenne, Brazil, and Vera Cruz. Lodd. bot. cab. 1004. Bóm- 
bax grandiflòrum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 295. t. 154. Flowers long, 
of a pale-red colour, downy'without and smooth within. An- 
thers white. Style red. 
Sheny-flowered Carolinea. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Tree 
60 feet. 
5 C. ARENARIA; leaves? flowers 4 inches long; tube of 
stamens near an inch and a half, smooth; anthers trochleately- 
arcuate or spiral. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of 
Minas Novas. Pachira arenaria, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 261. 
Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately 5-toothed, smooth, with a 
whorl of glands at the base. Petals narrow, ligulate, velvety- 
tomentose on both sides, brownish-green without, and white 
within. Filaments-twin, smooth, red ; anthers adhering by their 
middle, as in C. marginata. 
Sand Carolinea. Fl. May. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 
6 C. romentosa (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85. t. 56.) lent 8-9, 
obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, tomentosely hairy; peduncles to- 
Ap a 
mentose, equal in length to the coriaceous, urceolate ealyx, /) 
which has many glands at the base ; petals erect ; tube of stamens 
length of calyx ; anthers oblong; style smooth. k. S. Native 
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small tree, with 
axillary, terminal, solitary flowers. Petals reflexed at the apex; 
covered with brownish tomentum on the outside, but white 
within, Filaments 5, forked or simple ; anthers rose-coloured. 
Tomentose Carolinea. Fl. Feb. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 
7 C. roncirtora (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 86.) peduncles twice 
the length of the campanulate, coriaceous calyx ; petals spread- 
ingly reflexed ; tube of stamens 3-times longer than the calyx ; 
anthers kidney-shaped, fixed by the middle; style smooth. R- 
S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at the 
height of 1600 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers of a 
greenish-olive colour on the outside, but white within, wholly 
tomentose. 
Long-flowered Carolinea. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 
8 C. macra’ntHA; leaves? flowers a foot and a half long; 
tube of stamens 2 inches, smooth; anthers circinnately-troch- 
leate. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes 
about Retiro. Pachira macraéntha, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 261. 
Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately entire. Petals long, narrows 
ligulate, velvety-tomentose on the outside, or greenish-brown, 
