BYTTNERIACEZ. 
‘with a pleasant mucilage, which is sweet and very agreeable. An 
_ extract of the bark of the same plant is used in Martinique to 
clarify sugar ; its old hark is employed in the form of a strong 
decoction as a sudorific. The Walthéria Durandinha contains 
a great deal of mucilage, and is employed by the Brazilians as 
an antisyphilitic. The seeds of Theobrdma Cacao are the cacao 
of the shops, and from whence the chocolate is obtained. Seeds 
of most of the genera are easily introduced in a living state from 
their native places, but those of Theobréma soon become rancid. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
Trise I. 
BYTTNERIE Æ. Petals usually concave, and arched at the base 
(f. 88. b.), but expanded into a ligula at the apex. Stamens 
10-30 or more, divided into 5 (f. 89. h.) or 10 bundles. Filaments 
5, sterile, ligulate (f. 88. b.), mith 5 alternate fertile ones, soli- 
tary or ternately-pentadelphous (f. 89. l. h.), rarely 1-anthered ; 
these are opposite the petals. Ovary 5-celled (f. 88. d.); 
cells usually 2-seeded. Seeds sometimes exalbumenous, with 
thick cotyledons, sometimes albumenous, with leafy, flat, or convo- 
lute cotyledons. 
1 TuEopro‘Ma. Sepals 5 (f. 88. a.). Petals 5 (f. 88. b.), 
arched at the base. Urceolus of stamens with 5 horns, and 
between them 5 2-anthered filaments. Style filiform, crowned 
by a 5-parted stigma. Capsule 5-celled, valveless (f. 88. d.). 
Seeds imbedded in pulp (f. 88. c.). Albumen wanting. , Coty- 
ledons thick, oily, corrugated. 
2 Asro‘ma. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with the claws sac- 
cate at the base. Urceolus of stamens 10-cleft, 5 of which bear 
3 anthers each, the other 5 petal-formed. Capsule 5-celled, 5- 
winged, many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen fleshy. Cotyle- 
dons leafy, transversely flexuous. 
3 Guazu'Ma. Sepals 5 or diversely connate, 2-3-parted. 
Petals 5, 2-horned at the apex. Filaments hardly connate at the 
base, divided into 5 sterile lobes, and 5 alternate threads, which 
are trifid at the apex, each division bearing an anther. Styles 5, 
conniving. Capsule woody, tubercled, valveless, 5-celled, open- 
ing by 10 holes at the apex, many-seeded. Seeds ovate. Coty- 
ledons plaited. 
4 Gtossoste'mon. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, terminating 
in a filiform acumen. Stamens 25-35, monadelphous at the 
base, divided into 5 bundles; and 5 sterile strap-formed pro- 
cesses, Ovary 1, 5-celled; cells many-seeded. Style 1, crown- 
ed by 5 stigmas. Capsule covered with bristles. 
5 Commerso'nra. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, dilated, and sac- 
cate at the base, tapering gradually into a ligula at the apex. 
Stamens 10, connate at the base, 5 of which are sterile and 
petaloid, stellately spreading; the other 5 are awl-shaped and 
fertile, bearing 1-2 anthers each. Styles 5. Ovary 5-celled ; 
cells 3-5, ovulate. Capsule 3-5 valved, echinated with i bristles. 
Albumen fleshy. Inflorescence cymose. 
6 Byrrne ria. The same as Commersonia, but the fertile 
filaments are awl-shaped, bearing 2anthers each, and the petals 
rarely wanting. 
. Ovary 3-5-celled ; 
519 
are drawn out into a ligula on the back, between the lobes of 
the concave part. Albumen wanting. 
7 Aye‘nta. Calyx 5-parted. Petals with long claws, arched, 
broadest at the apex, terminated by pedicellate glands. Ur- 
ceolus of stamens 10-15-toothed, 5 or 10 of these are sterile, and 
5 fertile, l-anthered. Style crowned by a pentagonal stigma. 
Carpels 5, 2-valved, conniving into a subglobose, echinated, 
single fruit. Albumen wanting. 
8? Kremnno'via. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, one of which 
is longer than the rest, and cleft at the apex. Stamens mona- 
delphous, divided at the top into 5 bundles opposite the petals, 
each bundle bearing 3 anthers on the back. Ovary stipitate. 
Style crowned by a subcrenated stigma. Capsule inflated, 
turbinate, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-seeded. Seeds roundish. Coty- 
ledons spirally twisted around the plumule. 
Tribe Il. 
LastoreTa LEX. Calyx 5-parted, petaloid (f. 80. b.), per- 
manent or marcescent. Petals minute (f. 90. c.), scale-formed, 
Filaments anl-shaped, connate at the base, 
when 5 they are opposite the petals and fertile, when 10 the alter- 
nate ones are sterile. Anthers incumbent, with contiguous lobes. 
cells 2-8-ovulate. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 
usually closely connected, or sometimes nearly free. Seeds stro- 
phiolate at the base. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Coty- 
ledons flat, leafy. 
9 Seri’ne1a. Calyx marcescent. Petals wanting. Fila- 
ments 10, alternate ones sterile. Anthers bursting by dorsal 
chinks. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 2-3-seeded. Strophiola of seeds 
crenate. Stipulas small, deciduous. 
10 Lastorr’raton. Calyx permanent (f. 90. c.). Petals 5, 
gland-formed. Filaments 5, free. Anthers bursting by 2 pores 
on the inside. Ovary 1, 3-celled; cells containing 2-ovule. 
Capsule 3-valved (f. 90. 6.), with valvular dissepiments, opening 
at the cells. Strophiola of seeds jagged. Stipulas wanting. 
11 Guicueno‘t1a. Calyx permanent. Petals 5, gland-formed. 
Filaments 5, free. Anthers opening by lateral chinks. Ovary 
5-celled; cells containing 5-ovule, densely tomentose on the 
inside. Stipulas wanting. 
12 Tuoma'sta. Calyx permanent, veiny. Petals 5, scale- 
formed or wanting. Filaments for the most part connate at the 
base, 5 or 10. Anthers bursting by lateral chinks, Ovary 3- 
celled; cells containing 2-8-ovule. Capsule 3-valved, with 
valvular dissepiments, opening at the cells. Strophiola of seed 
crenate. Stipulas leafy, permanent. 
13 Keravpren1a. Calyx permanent. Petals wanting. Fila- 
ments 5, fertile, imbricately conniving at the base. Anthers 
bursting by dorsal chinks. Ovary 3-celled ; cells containing 
many-ovulz. Styles 3, partly connected. Capsule echinately- 
tomentose, 1-celled from abortion, 3-valved. Strophiola of seed 
entire. Stipulas minute, permanent. 
Trise III. 
Hermanni. Calyx 5-lobed, permanent, sometimes naked, 
sometimes involucrated. Petals 5, spirally twisted before expan- 
