522 BYTTNERIACEZ#. 
do not thrive. They must also be planted in the shade of other 
trees ; for this purpose the plantations are always formed some 
years before the cacao seeds are sown, by planting Erythrina 
umbrosa, or other umbrageous trees, in rows at certain distances, 
so as to admit of 1, 2 or 3 rows of Cacào between each row of 
such trees. The seeds are sown 2 or 3 together, at about 2 
yards distant in the rows, and when the plants are about a foot 
high all are removed except the strongest plant. No countries 
are better adapted for Cacdéo than Guayaquil, the Caraccas, and 
the island of Trinidad, as they consist of savannahs or wide plains 
overflowed with water, and in summer plentifully supplied by 
canals or rivulets. The culture of the tree requires no other 
attention besides that of clearing the ground from weeds and 
shrubs. This is so necessary that if neglected these vegetables 
will in a few years destroy the cacdo plantations by robbing 
the soil of all its nourishment. 
There are several varieties which differ chiefly in the size, 
colour, and shape of the capsules. 
Common Cacao or Chocolate-nut. Clt. 1739. Tree 16 feet. 
2 T. Gutane’nsis (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1422.) leaves acuminate, 
repandly-toothed, tomentose beneath. h.S. Native of Guiana 
in moist woods. Cacao Guianénsis, Aubl. guian. 2. t. 275. 
Calyx green without, but yellow within, Petals yellow. Fruit 
ovate, 5-angled, clothed with rusty down. The kernel is white, 
and very good eating when fresh. This is probably the Dirio 
ertopila, Lin. 
Guiana Chocolate-nut. Clt. 1803. Tree 10 feet. 
3 T.sytve’stRis ; leaves entire, downy beneath ; fruit downy. 
h.S. Native of Guiana. Cacao sylvéstris, Aubl. guian. 2. 
p- 687. t. 276. This is asserted by Willdenow to be the Dario 
ertopila of Lin. but upon what authority we know not, as there 
is no specimen of it in the Linnean herbarum. Flowers yellow. 
Wood Chocolate-nut. Tree 16 feet. 
4 T. srcoror (H. B. pl. equin. 1. p. 104. t. 80.) leaves ob- 
long, obliquely-cordate, whitish beneath, and 7-nerved. h.S., 
Native of New Granada in warm valleys. Fruit drupaceous, 
oval, indehiscent, variously excavated, silky. The seeds are 
mixed with the common Cacdo by the inhabitants. 
Two-coloured-leaved Chocolate-nut. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. 
5 T. ancustirdtia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D.C. prod. 
1. p. 484.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, acuminated at 
the apex, 3-nerved at the base, pale beneath. h.S. Native 
of Brazil and’ Mexico. T. specidsa, Willd. herb. ex Spreng. 
Flowers of a dirty peach-colour. Limb of petals oblong, sti- 
pitate. Sterile filaments obovate-oblong, a little longer than 
the petals. Fruit ovate. 
Narrow-leaved Chocolate-nut. Tree 20 feet. 
6 T. ovatiroria (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.) leaves 
ovate, very entire, 3-nerved at the base, somewhat cordate-pel- 
tate, blunt at the apex, hoary from tomentum beneath. h. S. 
Native of Mexico. Flowers small. Sepals acuminate. Fruit 
egg-shaped, wrinkled from elevated ribs. 
Ovate-leaved Chocolate-nut. Tree 15 feet. 
Cult. All the species of Theobroma will thrive well ir a 
light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, in a moist heat. 
Cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds do 
not long retain their power of vegetation. 
Il. ABRO'MA (from a priv. and Bpwua, broma, food; not 
fit for food, in opposition to Theobroma,) Lin, fil. suppl. 341. 
Sal. par. 102. Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 318. 
Lix. syst. Monadélphia, Decéndria. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- 
tals 5, with the claws dilated and saccate at the base. Urceolus 
of stamens 10-cleft, 5 of which bear 3 anthers each, with the 
alternate 5 petal-like, and sterile. Capsules 5-celled, 5-winged, 
many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons 
1 
I. THEOBROMA. 
II. Asroma. III. Guazuma. 
leafy, transversely flexuous. Small trees, with hairy lobed 
leaves and extra-axillary or terminal few-flowered peduncles 
at the tops of the branches. 
1 A. aveu’sta (Lin. fil. suppl. 341.) branches soft, velvety- 
tomentose ; adult leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, ser- 
rulated, glabrous, or covered with simple or stellate down be- 
neath, lower leaves roundish, cordate, 3-5-angled; wings of 
` capsule truncated at the apex, with the exterior angle acutish. 
h.S. Native of the East Indies. A. augista and A. Wheléri, 
Willd. spec. 3. p. 1424 and 1425. A. fastudsa, Jacq. vind. 
3. p. 3. t. 1. Geert. fruct. 1, p. 306. t. 64. Peduncles terminal 
opposite the leaves. Lower leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, 5-7- 
nerved, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, undivided. Flowers droop- 
ing, of a dark dirty purple-colour. 
August Abroma. FÌ. Aug. Clt. 1770. Tree 10 feet. 
2 A. Fastuo sa (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 409.) 
branches muricated; adult leaves scabrous from forked or sim- 
ple bristles; wings of capsule somewhat truncate at the apex, 
with the exterior angle acuminated. kh. S. Native of the 
island of Timor and New Holland. A. fastudsum, Geert. fruct. 
1. p. 307. t. 64. Sal. par. lond. t. 102. Lower leaves cordate, 
acutely 5-lobed, upper ones ovate, somewhat cordate, undivided. 
Flowers dark-purple. 
Disdainful Abroma. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800. Tree 10 ft. 
3 A. moriis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 485.) branches rather velvety; 
adult leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, velvety from very 
short, soft, crowded down, and stellate bristles; lower leaves 
roundish, cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; wings of capsule truncate 
at the apex, with the exterior angle obtuse. k.S. Native of 
the Moluccas and Java. Lower leaves cordate, roundish, 
scarcely lobed ; upper ones also cordate, acuminated, serrated, 
on very short stalks, all are soft and velvety to the touch. 
Flowers dark-purple. 
Soft-leaved Abroma. Tree 10 feet? ; 
Cult. The species of Abrdma will thrive well in any light 
rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings will root 
freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds ripen in abund- 
ance. 
Ill. GUAZUMA (a name of Mexican origin, employed by 
Plumier,) Plum. gen. 36. t. 18. Juss. Cav. and Pers. D. C. 
prod. 1. p. 485.—Bubroma, Schreb. gen. no. 1216. 
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decdndria. Calyx of 5 sepals, 
diversely connate, 2-3-parted. Petals 5, ending in a bifid li- 
gula at the apex. Filaments of stamens monadelphous at the 
base, with a very short exserted tube, divided into 5 sterile, 
ovate, entire lobes, and 5 linear fertile ones, which are trifid at 
the apex, each division bearing 1 anther each at their apexes. 
Styles 5, conniving. Capsules woody, tubercled, filled with 
mucilage, imperfectly 5-valved, 5-celled, opening by a tenfold 
number of holes, many-seeded. Seeds angular. Albumen 
fleshy. Cotyledons flattish. Trees covered with stellate down. 
Leaves alternate, simple, cordate and unequal at the base, cadu- 
cous. Stipulas lateral. Peduncles axillary and terminal, somewhat 
dichotomously branched. The species are probably mere varieties. 
1 G. utmiroria (Lam. dict. 3. p. 52.) adult leaves smooth on 
both surfaces. h. S. Nativeof the West Indies. Theobroma 
Guazima, Lin. spec. 1100. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 144. but with 
the leaves less cordate, and the racemes less elongated. Pluk. 
alm. t. 77. f. 5. Bubrdma Guazima, and perhaps B. Invira, 
Willd. enum. 806. The leaves, according to M. De Candolle, are 
ovate or oblong, unequally toothed, acuminate at the apex; 
younger ones hardly downy on the nerves, with stellate hairs. 
Petals yellow, with two purple awns at the apex. A wide 
spreading tree, not unlike the elm, with leaves that sleep hanging 
quite down, whilst the petioles remain entirely stiff and straight. 
