552 
advocate in the Mauritius, a great cultivator and patron of natu- 
ral history, particularly botany). Bojer. mss. Hook. bot. misc. 
pt. 3. p. 293. t. 62. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 reflexed, 
- deciduous sepals. Corolla of 5 bifid petals, each furnished with 
` a scale at the base. Torus pentagonal. Stamens numerous, 
free, inserted in the stipe-formed torus. Style permanent, 
crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Capsule globose, indehiscent, 
containing 4, 5-celled, 5-seeded nuts, or only 1-celled, 1-seeded 
from abortion. Seeds horizontal, pear-shaped, compressed. 
Albumen wanting. A tree with the appearance of U'lmus cam- 
péstris, having alternate, stalked, oval, oblong, deeply serrated, 
acuminated leaves, adult ones more cordate, waved, smooth, and 
shining, 3-nerved at the base, pale beneath. Peduncles short, 
axillary, solitary or twin, 3-flowered, the 3 flowers are inclosed 
within a bractea before expansion, hairy. Petals yellow. 
1 V. rririoRa (Bojer. mss. Hook. l. c.) h.S. Native of 
Madagascar, 
Three-flowered Vincentia. Tree 30 feet. 
. Cult. To be propagated and cultivated in the same manner 
as that recommended for Grénia, which see. 
XII. COLU’MBIA (in honour of the celebrated Christopher 
Columbus, discoverer of America in 1493; his descendants are 
called Colon in Spain at this day ; hence the genus was originally 
called Colona by Cavanilles, but afterwards altered by Persoon 
to Colúmbia.) Pers. ench. 2. p. 66. D.C. prod. 1. p. 512.— 
Colona, Cav. icon. 4. p. 47. t. 370. 
Liv. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous 
sepals, which are coloured on the inside. Petals 5, furnished 
each with a scale at the base. Torus pentagonal, stipe-formed. 
Stamens numerous, free. Style twice as long as the stamens. 
Fruit globose, 4-celled, with 4 double wings, each carpel having 
2 wings and 2 seeds.—Trees resembling the elm, with serrated, 
alternate leaves, and terminal and axillary racemes of red flowers, 
forming a panicle, the partial peduncles are furnished with 8 trifid 
bracteas and 3-flowers each. 
1 C. serratironia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 512.) leaves ovate-lan- 
ceolate, serrate, 3-nerved and oblique at the base, glaucous be- 
neath; flowers in terminal and axillary bracteate racemes. 
k. S. Native of the Philippine islands. C. Americana, Pers. 
ench. 2. p. 66. Colona serratifdlia, Cav. icon. 4. p. 47. t. 370. 
Serrate-leaved Columbia. Tree 20 feet. 
2 C. Java'nica (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnea. 1. p. 658.) 
leaves cordate, acuminate, somewhat serrulated, 5-nerved at the 
base, scabrous above, but clothed with starry tomentum beneath, 
as well as the terminal divaricating panicle; capsule villous, 
with the wings dilated on the outside. h.S. Native of Java. 
Flowers red? An elegant tree, with the habit of Theobroma, 
with the younger leaves sometimes lobed. 
Java Columbia. Tree 50 feet, 
3 C. Cere’sica (Blum. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 205.) leaves 
oblique at the base, oblong, acuminated, serrate, 3-nerved, sca- 
brous above, but covered with starry down beneath, as well as 
the panicled, terminal racemes ; wings of capsule rounded. h. 
S. Native of the [sland of Celebes. 
Celebes Columbia. ‘Tree 30 feet. 
Cult. The species of Colúmbia will thrive well in a mixture 
of sand and loam, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in 
sand under a hand-glass, in heat, 
XIII. TYLIA (an obscure name, the etymology of which is 
entirely unknown; in Dutch and Swedish it is called Linden, in 
Anglo-Saxon Lind., in English Lime-tree). Lin. gen. no. 660. 
D.C, prod, 512, 
TILIACEH. XI. Vincentia. 
XII. Corumsra. XIII. Tinta. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, deci- 
duous. Petals 5, each furnished with a scale at the base on the 
inside, or wanting the scale. Stamens numerous; filaments 
free or somewhat disposed into many bundles. Ovary globose, 
villous, crowned by the deciduous style, 5-celled; cells 1-2- 
seeded, but many of the cells often prove abortive. Cotyle- 
dons sinuately toothed—Handsome trees, with spreading alter- 
nate branches ; alternate, stalked, heart-shaped, acute, serrated, 
deciduous leaves, hairy at the origin of their veins; panicled, 
yellowish, fragrant flowers, which are continually haunted by 
bees, with an oblong, entire bractea, united to the common stalk. 
Capsules with or without angles. Qualities mucilaginous. Inner 
bark tough and fibrous. Wood smooth, light, delicately white. 
The sap instipated affords a quantity of sugar. 
§ 1. Petals without scales. 
All European species.—T. Euro- 
pea, Lin. spec. 733. 
1 T. microrny’t1ia (Vent. diss. p. 4. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves cor- 
date, roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated, smooth above, 
glaucous and bearded beneath in the axils of the veins, as well 
as with hairy blotches; fruit rather globose, hardly ribbed, very 
thin and brittle. h. H.- Native of Europe in sub-mountainous 
woods. In England frequent in Essex and Sussex. T. Euro- 
pæ'a var. y, Lin. spec. 733. T. ulmifdlia, Scop. carn. no. 642. 
T. sylvéstris, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 152. T. parvifolia, Ehrh. 
ex fl. helv. 1. p. 317. Engl. bot. t. 1705. T. cordata, Mill. dict. 
Flowers small, fragrant, of a greenish-yellow colour in compound 
umbels. 
Small-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Tree 50 ft. 
2 T. Evropz'a (Lin. spec. 733.) leaves cordate, acuminated, 
serrated, smooth, except a tuft of hair at the origin of the 
veins beneath, twice the length of the petioles; cymes many- 
flowered; fruit coriaceous, downy. h. H. Native of the 
north of Europe. In Britain in woods and hedges, or upon 
grassy declivities. Smith, engl. bot. t. 610. T. intermèdia, 
Hayne and Svenk. bot. t. 40. T. Europe'a borealis, Wahl. ups. 
181. Oed. fl. dan. t. 553. Flowers delightfully fragrant. Pe- 
tals obovate, of a pale-lemon colour. This tree is cultivated 
all over England, as well as in some parts of Scotland. The 
French, growing tired of the horse-chesnut, as Du Hamel 
reports, adopted this tree for ornamental plantations in the 
time of Louis XIV. It generally composes the avenues about 
the residences of the French as well as the English gentry 
of that date, and Fenelon, in conformity to this, decorates with 
flowering lime-trees his enchanted isle of Calypso. The inner 
bark of this, and perhaps some other species, macerated in water, — 
makes the Russia garden-mats, called Bass or Bast-mats. Mr. 
P. Lindegaard obtained excellent bass for tying plants, by placing 
the smooth lateral branches of the tree in water in April and 
towards midsummer ; the branches were taken up when the bark 
loosened perfectly from the alburnum. It was then peeled off, 
and washed in water to make the glutinous matter separate, and 
hung up to dry. This method of making bass will be found of 
great importance to gardeners resident in the country at a dis- 
tance from a town, where the lime-tree abounds. Bees collect much 
honey from the flowers. The smooth, light, delicately white, 
and uniform wood is used for some domestic purposes, and by 
the carver, turner, and musical-instrument maker; it served 
Gibbons for his inimitable carvings of flowers, dead game, &e. 
so often seen in old English houses, the duke of Devonshire s at 
Chatsworth, choir of St. Paul’s, &c. It forms an excellent char- 
coal for gunpowder. An ancient lime-tree of great magnitude, 
which grew where the ancestors of Linnzeus had long resided, 
is said to have given them their family name, Linn being the 
Swedish for a lime-tree (Smith.) The famous kowno honey 1S 
made exclusively from the blossoms of this tree. Near Kowno in 
