AURANTIACE. XIV. Cirrus. 593 
a number of dishes. It is used to form various perfumes and 
pomades, and the flowers distilled produce orange-water, used 
in cooking, medicine, and as a perfume, but the chief use of the 
sweet orange is for the dessert. 
There are 19 varieties of the orange enumerated by Risso. 
1 Common Orange. Stem erect, branched, spiny; leaves 
ovate, oblong, and acute, slightly crenulated on the margins, 
smooth, and of a dark-green colour, on long petioles. Pedun- 
cles axillary, solitary, smooth, each bearing from 2-6-flowers. 
calyx pale-green, 5-cleft. Petals 5, oval-oblong, terminated by 
a point, of a beautiful white colour, furnished with green glands. 
Stamens from 20-22, unequal, with the filaments united at their 
bases by fours. The fruit is round, smooth, of a beautiful 
golden colour, with a rather thick rind, and the pulp is divided 
into 9 or 11 cells, full of a sweet yellow juice. Seeds roundish. 
This tree bears exquisite fruit, which resists the cold, but it is 
at the same time but little cultivated in the south of Europe, on 
account of its not bearing well until it is about 25 or 30 years 
old, as well as because the fruit is apt in windy weather to come 
against the spines of the branches, which injures them, and there- 
fore renders them unfit to resist a long voyage. 
2 Majorca Orange (Engl.). Oranger de Majorque (Fr). Aran- 
cio di Majorca (Ital.). Pourtegalie Majourkin (Nice). Citrus 
Aurdntium Baledricum (Risso). Fruit globose, shining, with a 
thick rind and sweet pulp. Gall. p. 153. no. 30. The branches 
are furnished with spines at their base. The leaves are less 
than in the preceding tree, thicker, and more shining. The pe- 
duncles are very long, from 3-6-flowered ; they have a pleasant 
sweet smell. The fruit is globose, smooth, deeply coloured, 
and arrives very soon at maturity. It will keep a longer time 
than any of the other varieties; the pulp is very sweet, and 
usually without seeds. This tree is not much cultivated, on 
account of its not being very productive. 
3 China Orange (Engl.). Oranger de la Chine (Fr.). Aran- 
cio fino (Ital). Pourtegalie de Malta (Nice). Citrus Aurdéntium 
Stnénse (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 425. t. 427. Comel. hesp. no. 
8. Vole. p.185 and 186. This is a very majestic tree. The 
leaves are oval-oblong, sometimes roundish, a little waved at 
the margins, of a pale-green colour, upon long petioles. The 
flowers are usually disposed in corymbs, these are situated upon 
the tops of the branches. The fruit is round, depressed, firm, 
weighty, of considerable diameter; the rind is very thin, ad- 
hering closely to the pulp, which is very sweet. The seeds 
are oblong, with a curved point. This tree is much cultivated 
at Nice. The fruit is not so sensible to cold as the other va- 
rieties. 
4 Nice Orange (Engl.). Oranger de Nice, Oranger a fruit 
doux (Fr.). Arancio dolce (Ital.). Pourtegalie noustral (Nice). 
Citrus Aurdntium Nice’nse (Risso, |. c. pl. 1. f. 1.). Vole. p. 187 
and 188. Desf. tab. de l’ecol. de bot. p. 138. This orange, 
from the abundance of its fruit, forms a very lucrative produc- 
tion for the inhabitants of Nice. The leaves are oval-oblong, 
tapering gradually to a point, of a beautiful shining green, 
earing in their axils a great quantity of bunches of sweet- 
scented flowers towards the months of March and April. The 
fruit is round, usually depressed at both extremities, firm, of a 
beautiful yellow colour, with a thin rind; the pulp is divided 
into 10 or 12 cells, full of sweet and pleasant juice, and oblong 
seeds. This tree is generally cultivated. 
5 Genoa Orange (Engl.). Oranger de Genes (Fr.). Aran- 
cio di Genova (Ital.). Pourtegalie de Genova (Nice). Citrus 
Aurántium Genuénse (Risso). This tree is very large. The 
leaves are small, oval-oblong, pointed, of a fine dark green. 
The flowers are disposed in bunches, and are composed some- 
times of only 3 petals. The fruit is round, but sometimes 
oblong, commonly marked with a little ridge, which extends even 
to the middle of the rind, which is rather thick, and of a beautiful 
VOL. I.—PART. VII. 
yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a sweet 
juice. The seeds are yellowish. . 
6 Thick-rinded Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit de la grosse 
ecorce, Oranger a ecorce du fruit epaisse (Fr.). Arancio a 
frutto di corteccia spessa (Ital.). Pourtegalie bouffat (Nice). 
Citrus Aurántium cortecrasso (Risso). Fruit large, round, with a 
thick rind and sweetish pulp. The leaves of this variety are 
always of a beautiful green, usually collected in tufts at the tops 
of the branches. The flowers are very large. The fruit is very 
large, round, of a deep-yellow colour, with a very thick granu- 
lated spongy rind, adhering closely to the pulp, which is divided 
into 10 cells, some of these contain a few small seeds ; the juice 
is sweet and more watery than in the preceding varieties, which 
is the cause of the fruit not being easily preserved any length of 
time. This tree bears fruit well as an espalier, but is very little 
cultivated about Nice. 
7 Teat-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit mameloné 
(Fr.). Arancio scabroso (Ital.). Pourtegalie gibous (Nice). 
Citrus Aurántium gibbòsum (Risso). Fruit round, with a sweetish 
insipid pulp. The tree is large, and very branchy. The leaves 
are usually curled. The fruit is round, of a reddish-yellow 
colour, covered with large protuberances, and its juice is never 
so sweet as the other varieties. 
8 Small-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a petit fruit (Fr.). 
Arancio picciol frutto (Ital.). Pourtegalie gallo (Nice). Citrus 
Aurántium microcárpon (Risso). Many gardeners are of opinion 
that this variety was the first that was introduced to the south 
of Europe, but particularly about Nice. It differs from all the 
other varieties in the leaves being smaller, situated upon petioles, 
which are a little winged at the base. The flowers are collected 
into bundles at the tops of the branches, each containing about 
26 stamens. The fruitis always very small, and of a pale-yellow 
colour, full of a sweetish juice. 
9 Double-flowered Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fleur double 
(Fr.). Arancio a fior doppio (Ital.). Pourtegalie a flou doublo 
(Nice). Citrus Aurdntium diplex (Risso). Fruit somewhat 
globose, usually fetiferous, with a sweet pulp. Volc. p. 201 
and 202. Calv. no. 9. Gal. p. 159. no. 35. The leaves are 
large. The flowers are composed of from 6-10 petals. The 
pistil is usually divided into two parts at the top, each bearing 
a yellow stigma. The fruit is very different from the other 
varieties, as the pulp is formed of a double unequal range of 
cells, all of which are full of sweet juice. This tree is very 
little cultivated. 
10 Malta Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit rouge (Fr.) 
Arancio sanguigno (Ital.). Pourtegalie rouge (Nice). Citrus 
Aurdntium Hierochinticum (Risso). Fruit globose with a thin 
rind and blood-coloured pulp. Till. 21. t. 16. Calv. no. 7. 
Ferr. hesp. p. 429. Gal. p. 156. no. 32. The fruit is of a 
golden colour, but becoming as red as blood at maturity ; the 
pulp is divided into 9 cells, full of very sweet juice and small 
seeds. f 
11 Compressed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit 
deprime (Fr.). Arancio a frutto compresso (Ital.). Pourtegalie 
galleto (Nice). Citrus Aurántium fructu depresso (Risso). Fruit 
round, depressed, with a sweet pulp. The fruit of this variety 
is not much esteemed in commerce, on account of the depres- 
sion at the extremities. The trees are very large. The leaves 
are long oval. The flowers are collected into corymbs. The 
fruit is large and round, of a lively colour, with a smooth thick 
rind; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, which contain but 
a small quantity of sweet juice but a great numberof seeds. 
This tree is not much cultivated. 
12 Ribbed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit a céte 
(Fr.). Arancio a frutto costato (Ital.). Pourtegalie regat (Nice). 
Citrus Aurántium, fructu costato (Risso). Fruit ribbed, crowned 
by a point, with a sweetish pulp. The fruit is of a middle size, 
4 G 
