AURANTIACEA, XIV. Cirrus. 
The seeds are oblong, of a yellow colour. Seville or Bitter 
Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier sauvage (Fr.). Citrone, Sour sylvatico 
(Ital.). Citroun sauvage (Nice), Ferr. 377. Volc. 186. Gal. 121. 
The juice of the Seville orangé is used in medicine in febrile 
and inflammatory disorders, but that of the other sorts possesses 
the same qualities in a lesser degree. It is chiefly used for 
making marmalade, and a variety of other agreeable confections. 
The acid of oranges, Dr. Cullen observes, unites with the bile, 
takes off its bitterness, and may be useful in obviating disorders 
arising from its acidity. The qualities of the Seville orange are 
exactly the same as that of the lemon and lime. Orange-watey js 
obtained from the flowers by distillation. 
1 Common Seville Orange (Engl.). Oranger bigarade (Fr.). 
Aranciocitrone (Ital.). Limoun San Vincent (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 
(Risso). A tall tree with greyish bark, with the branchlets furnished 
with deciduous points at the base of the petioles. The leaves are 
oval-oblong, finely denticulated. The flowers are always disposed 
in terminal corymbs. The calyx is whitish and deeply 5-lobed. 
Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 30. The fruit is roundish-oblong, 
terminated by a large obtuse point, of a dark-yellow colour, 
with a few little protuberances, The rind is thick, adhering to 
the pulp, which is divided into 8 cells, full of an acid bitter 
juice, and does not contain any seeds. This tree bears flowers 
and fruit all the year round. 
2 Horned Seville Orange (Engl.). 
Citrone cornuto (Ital.). Sitroun daude (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 
corniculata (Risso). Fruit roundish, with a thick, wrinkled rind, 
mucronate. Ferr. p. 407. t.409. This is a tall tree. The 
leaves are large, elliptical, of a dark-green colour. The flowers 
are usually disposed in pairs. The fruit is large, of a reddish- 
yellow colour, full of small tubercles, the pulp is divided into 
10 or 14 cells, full of an acid bitter pulp, containing angular 
seeds. This variety is very generally cultivated in the south of 
Europe for its flowers, which are used in the composition Called 
eau-de-Bigurade, as well as for its fruit, which is used to season 
meat. 
3 Bouquette Bigarade or Bouquette Seville Orange (Eng],). 
Bigaradier bouquetier (Fr.). Citrone a foglia rizza (tal). 
Bouquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgaris folio crispo (Risso). Leayes 
curled; fruit small, roundish, scabrous, containing an acid, rather 
bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 387. t. 389. Volc. p. 178 and 179. 
Gal. p. 131. no. 20. This is a small tree. It is thickly covered 
with leaves, which are oval-roundish, curled, and denticulated, 
on round almost wingless petioles. The flowers are axillary, 
5 or 7 together, usually of 6 petals. The fruit is of a reddish- 
yellow colour, with a tubercled or wrinkled thick rind, scented 
like the-lily of the valley, containing a very bitter acid pulp, 
4 Many-flowered Seville Orange‘or Bigarade (Engl.). Biga- 
radier riche dépouille (Fr.). Citrone a molti fiori (Ital.). Grand 
bouquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgaris multiflora (Risso). Many- 
flowered; fruit globose, very smooth, containing an acid ap 
bitter pulp. Desf. tab. de l’ecol. de bot. p. 138. This differs 
much from the preceding, not only in its larger size; but also 
in the disposition of the leaves, as well as in the great nuMber 
of flowers which cover the plant all the year round. The tree 
emits short branches. The leaves are elliptic and denticulated, 
of a fine green colour; the wings of the petioles are broad and 
heart-shaped. The flowers are in tufts at the extremity of the 
branches; the corolla is white, usually of 5 petals, which are 
oval-oblong and recurved. The stamens are about 36 ip 
number. The fruit is round, very large, of a dark reddish- 
yellow colour, with a very smooth rind; the pulp does not 
adhere to the rind, and is divided into 10 cells. 
5 Double-flowering Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bir 
garadier a fleur double (Fr.). Citrone fiore doppio (Ital.). | Bir 
garado flou doublo (Nice). Citrus vulgaris florifer (Risso). 
Flowers double; fruit globose or oblong, usually fetiferous, 
1 
Bigaradier cornu (Fy.).. 
595 
containing bitter pulp. Ferr, p. 187. t. 391. Volc. 201 and 
202. Gal. p. 129. no. 18. This tree resembles the horned 
Seville orange. The leaves aye Very Smooth, and the wings of 
the petiole are rather narrow. ‘She calyx is 8-cleft. The petals 
are 8-14, oblong. The fruit jg middle-sized, varying in form, 
usually double, that is to say, containing one within the other. 
The flowers are used as a perfume. 
6 Spanish Seville Orange oy Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier 
d'Espagne (Fr.). Citrone di Spagna (Ital.), Sitroun d’Espagna 
(Nice), Citrus vulgaris Hispánica (Risso). Leaves ovate- 
oblong, revolute, sinuated ; fruit large, round, wrinkled, with a 
sweet pulp. This tree is QistiMQuished alone by its aspect. 
The branches and branchlets are Very short. The leaves are 
oval, curled, and sinuated, Of a Clear green colour ; the wings 
of the petioles are broad anq |:cart-shaped. The flowers are 
Jarge, and have a scent resemh]ing that of jasmine, of 5 elliptic 
yetals, The fruit is large, round, and wrinkled or tubercled, 
of a pale reddish-yellow colour, with a thick rind which does not 
adhere firmly to the pulp, whic) is divided into 10 cells, full of 
a sweet bitterish pulp, and oblong Seeds. 
7 Wrinkled Seville Orange (Evgl.), Bigaradier rugueux (Fr.). 
Citrone scabroso (Ital.). KeTioulou dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 
rugosa (Risso). Fruit small, mucronate, wrinkled, containing 
a Sweet and bitter pulp. The branches are straight and the 
leaves are elliptic and undUlated, of a dark shining-green, on 
long, winged, heart-shaped petioles. The flowers are in twos or 
threes, white, usually of 5 Oblong petals. The fruit is round, 
of a pale-orange colour, with a thick wrinkled rind, furnished 
with protuberances at the summit, containing a sweet pulp, but 
it is rather bitterish. The S€eds ate pale-yellow. 
8 Sweet-fruited Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.), Bigara- 
dier a fruit doux (Fr.). CitTong frutto dolce (Ital.). Sitroun dous 
(Nice), Citrus vulgaris pilpg dulci (Risso). Fruit globose, 
smooth, with a thick rind, cOntajPing a Sweet pulp. The leaves 
of this tree are pale-green, Oyal-Oblong, standing upon long, 
winged petioles, and often furnished with spines at the base. 
The flowers are large, disPOsed în corymbs, of 5 petals and 
very sweet-scented. The s€eqs are round on this and the pre- 
ceding variety. . a 
9 Smooth-fruited Bigarade (Engl). . Bigarade a fruit lisse 
(Fr.). Citrone liscio (Ital.). Serioutou unit (Nice). Citrus 
vulgaris glabérrimus (Risso). ruit round, smooth, with a 
thin rind and bitter sweet Pulp: This tree is not so much 
branched as the other varieties; the leaves are oval-lanceolate, 
of a pale-green colour, standing On Jong, winged, heart-shaped 
petioles. The flowers are disposed Singly, but sometimes in 
pairs. on the summits of the bra™ches- The calyx is 4-5-cleft, 
and the corolla is of 5 reflexed petals. The fruit is always 
solitary, of a pale-yellow colour, and the pulp is divided into 9 
cells, ` The seeds are striated, , 
10 Chinese Bitter Orange or Big grade (Engl.). Bigaradier 
Chinois (Fr.). Chinotto (Ital.), Chinet (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 
Chinénsis (Risso). Fruit smal], spherical, containing a somewhat 
acrid, bitter pulp. Ferr. t. 489, 483. Tourn. p- 620. Desf. 
tab. de l'ecol. de bot. p. 18g, Gal- p. 132. no. 21. The 
branches of this shrub are Small and scabrous, covered with 
small lanceolate leaves, st@%dipg on Short Wingless petioles. 
The flowers are disposed in à kip of thyrse along the pedun- 
cles. The fruit is concave at the summit, of a reddish-yellow 
colour; the rind is rather thick, and the pulpadheres but slightly 
to the rind. 
11 Myrtle-leaved Orange (Engl.). 
Bigaradier Chinois a 
feuille de myrte or Chinois nain (Ft.), Nanino da China (Ital.). 
Chinet picoun (Nice), Citrys Pulg@ris myrtifdlia (Risso). 
Fruit small, with an acid and hitter pulp. Ferr, p. 430. Gal. 
p: 134. no. 22. This variety never grows to a tree, but always 
remains a small shrub. The leaY€s are small, lanceolate, and 
4G2 
