596 
pointed, of a fine green colour, resembling those of the broad- 
leaved myrtle. The flowers are small and white, disposed in 
racemes along the branches, there are usually a great number on 
the same peduncle. The fruit is of the colour and form of the 
preceding, but rather smaller. 
12 Large-fruited Bigarade or Seville Orange (Engl.). Bi- 
garadier a gros fruit (Fr.). Citrone frutto grosso (Ital.). Gros 
sitroun dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris fructu maximo (Risso). 
Fruit large, round, wrinkled, depressed, with a spongy rind, and 
rather sweet pulp. The leaves are very long, reclined, shining, 
undulated, of a dark-green, on long, winged petioles. The 
flowers are large and white, sweet-scented, disposed along the 
branches. The calyx is green, of 5 lobes. The corolla is com- 
posed of 4-6 petals. The stamens about 26 in number. The 
stigma is trigonal. The fruit is very large, of a reddish-yellow 
colour, with a very thick spongy rind, and the pulp is divided 
into 9 cells. 
Common Seville or Bitter Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. 
Tree 20 to 30 feet. 
8 C. pecuma'na (Lin. spec. 1100.) branches prickly ; leaves 
oval, obtuse or emarginate, pubescent beneath: petioles with 
broad, cordate wings; fruit large, with a thick rind, and red or 
white pulp; stamens 30. h. S. Native of China and Japan, 
but now cultivated in South America. Pampel-moes, Rumph. 
amb. 2. t. 24. f. 2. The shaddock is called Arancio Massino by 
the Italians, and Oranger Pampelmouse by the French. The fruit 
is very large and round, about the size of a large cannon-ball, 
about 10 or 14 pounds weight; rind even, of a greenish-yellow 
colour ; thick, fungous, and bitter ; pulp white or red : juice sweet 
or acid. It was first brought from China to the West Indies 
by Captain Shaddock, from whom it has derived its name. The 
shaddock is certainly the least useful of the species, and is cul- 
tivated chiefly for show. Where several sorts of oranges are pre- 
sented at the dessert it makes a striking addition to the variety. 
The fruit is of a subacid sweetness, excellent for quenching 
thirst, and from the thickness of its rind, will keep longer at 
sea than the fruit of any other species of Citrus. The Italians, 
according to Dr. Sickler, have one variety, the French, accord- 
ing to the Nouveau Cours, &c. have four kinds. In the En- 
glish nurseries the names of four occur, viz. 1 The Common 
Shaddock, 2 The Rough-fruited. 3 The Largest-fruited. 4 The 
West Indian. In Jamaica there are 2 varieties, 1 maliférmis ; 
fruit globose, with white pulp; 2 pyriformis, fruit pear-shaped, 
with red pulp. 
Large-fruited Orange or Shaddock. Fl. May, July. Cit. 
1722. Tree 18 feet. 
t Species not sufficiently known. 
9 C. ny’strix (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 97.) petioles with 
broad wings; leaves ovate, hardly larger than the petioles ; 
branches very spiny. k. S. Native of the East Indies. Lémo- 
ferus, Rumph. amb. 2. t.28? Flowers and fruit unknown. 
Porcupine Orange. Clt.? Tree 10 feet. 
10 C. spinosi'ssima (Meyer. esseq. 247.) petioles winged ; 
leaves oval, crenated, bluntish at both extremities. h. S. 
Native of Guiana and Brazil in sandy woods. Flowers white, 
twin. Fruit yellow, about the size of a walnut. ‘This appears 
to be the common wild lime of America, and perhaps only a 
variety of Citrus Limétta. 
Very-spinose Lime. Fl. May, Jul. Clt.? Tree 15 feet. 
11 C. Japonica (Thunb. fl. jap. 292.) petioles winged ; 
leaves acute ; stem angular ; flowers axillary, solitary, or twin; 
fruit 9-celled. h. G. Native of Japan. Thunb. icon. jap. 
t. 15. Fruit the colour and form of an orange, but small, about 
the size of a cherry, containing a sweet eatable pulp. 
Japan Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Shrub 2 feet. 
12 C. ru’sca (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles with heart-shaped 
AURANTIACEA. XIV. Cirrus. 
wings ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; branches spinose ; fruit 9-cell- 
ed, globose, rough. h. G. Native of China, Cochin-china, 
and the Moluccas.—Rumph. amb. 2. t. 33. Fruit ofa green- 
ish-brown colour, containing an acid ungrateful pulp. 
Brown-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt.? ‘Tree 15 feet. 
13 C. nésiis (Lour. coch. 466.) petioles rather linear, | 
straight ; branches ascending, unarmed ; fruit depressed, 9-cell- 
ed, with a thick rind. k. G. Native of Cochin-china and 
China. Ker, bot. reg. 211. Andr. bot. rep. 608. Fruit reddish, 
both without and within, containing sweet juice, and eatable sweet 
rind. This is distinguished from the common orange by its 
curious form, and by the pulp adhering so loosely to the rind, as 
to be separable from it by the slightest effort, and leaving in 
many places a considerable opening between them. It is the 
most delicate of its tribe, whence its name by the Chinese, Man- 
darine or Noble Orange. 
Noble or Mandarine Orange. 
Tree 15 feet. 
14 C. marcarrra (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles linear; leaves 
lanceolate; branches ascending, spiny ; fruit oblong, 5-celled, 
covered with a thin smooth rind. h. G. Native of China 
about Canton.. Fruit reddish-yellow, 8 lines long, containing a 
sweet pulp. 
Pearl Lemon. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Tree 12 feet. — 
15 C. Mapure’nsts (Lour. coch. 570.) petioles linear; 
leaves broad-lanceolate ; branches diffuse, unarmed, angular ; 
fruit globose, smooth, 8-celled. h. G. Native of China, 
Cochin-china, and Madura.—Rumph. amb. 2. t. 31. Fruit 
greenish-yellow, containing a bitter pulp, which is eaten when 
prepared with sugar, but never raw. 
Madura Orange. FI. May, July. Clt.? Shrub 8 feet. 
16 C. aneuta‘ra (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1426.) petioles naked; 
leaves ovate, acute ; fruit angular, h. G. Native of Amboyna. 
—Rumph. amb. 2.t. 32. 
Angular-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Tree. 
17 C. suxiroxia (Poir. dict. 5. p. 681.) petioles linear, very 
short ; leaves ovate, retuse ; flowers racemose. h. G. Native 
of China. Perhaps this plant is allied to Citrus vulgáris var. 
myrlifolia of Risso, and therefore ought perhaps to be placed 
under that head. 
Box-leaved Orange. Fl. May, July. Shrub 3 feet. 
18 C. articura’ra (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. $34.) 
petioles leafy, obovate, large, articulated; leaves oblong ; pe- 
duncles many-flowered. .S. Native of Guinea. 
Jointed-petioled Orange. Tree 20 feet. 
19 C. Cutte’nsis (Molin. chili. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 335.) 
leaves ovate-lanceolate, nearly sessile, shining ; fruit nearly glo- 
bose. h.G. Native of Chili. 
Chili Orange. Tree 15 feet. 
Cult. All the species of Citrus may be propagated by seeds, 
cuttings, layers, by grafting, and budding. The object of rais- 
ing plants from seed is stock for grafting or budding, or for new 
varieties. To attempt raising new varieties from seed in Britain 
would be too tedious, as the plants raised from seed in Italy do 
not shew for fruit for 7 or 8 years. Citrons or Seville Oranges 
Miller considers the best to raise for stocks, as they are of more 
robust and quicker growth. These should be raised on a hot-bed, 
and in the course of 6 weeks they will be fit to plant separately 
into pots, and placed again. into the hot-bed, shading them for 
some time, but afterwards allowing plenty of air in order to har- 
den them. In August of next year they will be sufficiently strong 
for budding ; after the operation has been performed, they shoul 
be placed under a hand-glass. In the course of a month it w1 
be observable whether the buds have taken, then untie them, 
and let them remain in the green-house all winter. In spring 
cut off the heads of the stocks 3 inches above the buds, agam 
place them in a moderate hot-bed, and by the end of July they 
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. 
