616 
II. CLU'SIA (in honour of Charles de le Cluse or Clusius, 
of Artois, an acute botanist, and author of Historia Plantarum 
and many other works; died in 1609). Lin. gen. no. 1154. 
Juss. gen. p. 256. D. C. prod. 1. p. 558.—Quapoya, Aubl. 
guian. Xanthe, Willd. 
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioècia. Calyx of 4 imbricate, 
coloured, permanent sepals, outer ones smallest, usually bibrac- 
teate at the base. Corolla of 4-6 deciduous petals. Stamens 
numerous in the male flowers, rarely definite, free, in the female 
flowers few and sterile, connected at the base. Style wanting. 
Stigmas 5-12, radiately-peltate, sessile, permanent. Flowers 
usually polygamous, and in the female flowers the ovary is sur- 
rounded by a short staminiferous nectary. Capsule fleshy, coria- 
ceous, 5-12-celled, 5-12-valved, opening from the top to the base, 
with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Placenta thick, 
triangular, central. Seeds egg-shaped, enwrapped in pulp, sus- 
pended from the inner angle of the cells. Embryo straight, 
inverted. Cotyledons separable.-—Trees and shrubs, usually 
parasitical, abounding in viscid juice, with large, coriaceous, op- 
posite leaves, and usually tetragonal stems. The genera Quapoya 
and Clisia are so similar in habit, the internal fabric of the 
flowers and fruit are too little known, and the number and form 
of the stamens of too slight a character to separate them. 
§ 1. Clusia (see Genus). Stamens numerous. 
1 C. rosea (Lin. spec. 1495.) flowers polygamous; calyx 
5-6-leaved, rose-coloured ; tops of dense nectaries awl-shaped ; 
stigmas 8-12, leaves obovate, obtuse, veinless, sometimes emar- 
ginate, on short, striated petioles. h.S. Native of Carolina, 
St. Domingo, and many other parts of America within the tropics. 
Jacq. amer. 270. pict. 131. Catesb. car. t. 99. A parasite on 
rocks and trees. Flowers large, beautiful rose-coloured in the 
Brazilian plant, according to St. Hilaire the petals are red be- 
neath the middle, and from the middle to the apex white. Fruit 
large, opening in 8 parts, containing many scarlet glutinous 
seeds, like those of the Pomegranaie. The resin is used to 
cure sores in horses, and instead of tallow for boats. 
Rose-coloured-flowered Balsam-tree. FI. July, Aug. 
1692. Shrub 7 to 20 feet. 
2 C. a'Lea (Lin. spec. 1495.) flowers usually hermaphrodite ; 
calyx many-leayed ; corolla 5-8-petalled, white ; tops of dense 
nectaries retuse, naked, or with 5-10 short stamens; stigmas 
5-6; leaves like those of the preceding, but not emarginate. 
h. S. Native of South America. Jacq. amer. 271. t. 166. 
pict. 131. t. 250. Plum. gen. 22. icon. 87. f. 1. Flowers 
large, white, and inelegant. Fruit scarlet, 6-celled, 6-valved ; 
seeds involved in scarlet pulp ; the birds are very fond of them, 
and when the capsules burst open, hang over them on the wing, 
and pluck out the seeds with the pulp adhering. The tree is 
parasitic, and very common in the woods of Martinico, where it 
is called dralie. The Caribbees use the tenacious balsamic 
juice, which is of a greenish colour, but becoming of a brownish 
red on being exposed to the air, for painting their boats. 
White-flowered Balsamic-tree. Clt. 1752. Tree 30 feet. 
3 C. ria'va (Lin. spec. 1495.) flowers polygamous ; calyx 
many-leaved ; corolla 4-petalled, yellow; stamens numerous, 
short; stigmas about 12; leaves as in both the preceding. 
h. S. Native of Jamaica and many of the other West India 
islands, on the lower hills, delighting in a dry soil. Jacq. amer. 
272. t. 167; pict. 132, t. 251. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 91. t. 200, 
f. 1. Flowers yellow. The resinous juice is sometimes used 
among the negroes in Jamaica as a vulnerary ; it has no extra- 
ordinary smell or pungent taste. 
Yellow-flowered Balsam-tree. 
Clt. 
Clt. 1759. Tree 15 feet. 
GUTTIFERÆ. 
II. Crusis. 
4 C. venosa (Lin. spec. 1495.) calyx 4-leaved ; corolla 4- 
petalled, white; stamens numerous; stigmas 5; leaves obo- 
vate, obtuse, veiny. h. S. Native of Martinico on moist 
mountains.—Plum. amer. t. 87. f. 2. Leaves serrated, of a 
shining brown beneath. Young branches downy. Flowers in » 
loose spikes at the ends of the shoots. This tree is called in 
Martinico Paletwoier de montagne. 
Veiny-leaved Balsam-tree. Clt. 1733. Tree 30 feet. 
5 C. PEDICELLA`rAa (Forst. fl. aus. no. 390.) calyx 4-leaved; 
corolla 4-petalled, yellow ? leaves obovate-oblong, veiny; cymes 
axillary. h.S. Native of New Caledonia. 
Pedicelled-flowered Balsam-tree. Fl. Sept. Tree 14 feet. 
6 C. Crru'va (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 317. t. 65.) leaves 
stalked, obovate, or obovate-lanceolate, veiny, white beneath ; 
flowers terminal, sub-corymbose, 5-petalled. .S. Native of 
Brazil in the province of St. Paul, where it is called Criuva by 
the natives. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma 5-lobed. Flowers white. 
Criuva Balsam-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
7 C. Gaupicnav'pr (Chois. mss. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 317.) 
leaves stalked, obovate, or subelliptic, nearly veinless; flowers 
terminal, cymose, 5-petalled. 1.8. Native of Brazil. Flowers 
whitish. Stigma 5-lobed. 
Gaudichaud’s Balsam-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
8 C. retu'sa (Poir. dict. 5. p. 183.) calyx of 8 unequal 
sepals ; corolla 6-petalled; stigmas very numerous ; capsules 
globular ; leaves obovate, retuse, veiny. h. S. Native of 
South America. Lam. ill. t. 852. 
Retuse-leaved Balsam-tree. Tree. ` 
9 C. xemoròsa (Meyer. prim. esseq. p. 203.) flowers poly- 
gamous ; calyx 6-8-leaved ; corolla 4-petalled, white, but purple 
within; sterile stamens awl-shaped, intermixed with others ; 
stigmas 5; leaves oblong-obovate, acute, approximate, vemy. 
h.S. Native of Essequebo inthe island Wacanama. Flowers 
white, purple within. 
Grove Balsam-tree. Tree 20 feet. 
10 C. earvirtora (H. B. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 976.) corolla 
white, 5-petalled, about equal in length with the calyx; leaves 
obovate, obtuse, veinless. h.S. Native of South America In 
the island of Margarita. This species is much smaller than 
C. alba in every part. . 
Small-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree 20 feet. 
11 C. etnrprica (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 199.) 
flowers white; calyx 4-sepalled; stigmas 6; leaves sessile, 
elliptical, rounded at both ends; peduncles 2-3-flowered. R. S. 
Native of Peru on the Andes, near-Loxa. Flowers white. 
Elliptical-leaved Balsam-tree. Tree 12 to 24 feet. 
12 Č. rancrora'ra (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 318.) leaves stalked, 
lanceolate, veiny; flowers terminal, sub-corymbose, 6-8-pe- 
talled. h. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Petals 
white? veiny. 
Lanceolate-leaved Clusia. Shrub 6 to 7 feet. . 
13 C. muttirtora (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p- 
200.) calyx 4-sepalled; corolla 5-petalled, a little longer than 
the calyx; stigmas 5; leaves sessile, obovate, rounded at the 
apex ; peduncles many-flowered. }.S. Native on the Andes 
about Quindiu. Flowers white ? 
Many-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree. 
14 C. voru‘sitis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 200.) 
stigmas 6; stem twining; leaves stalked, elliptical, blunt at 
both ends, thick, coriaceous. h. ©. S. Native, growing along 
with the preceding species. Flowers white ? 
Twining Balsam-tree. Shrub tw. . 
15 C. sx’sstuus (Forst. prod. 391.) flowers axillary, solitary, 
almost sessile, 4-petalled ; leaves obovate and elliptical. h. S. 
Native of the island of Togatabu in the South Seas. 
Sessile-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree. 
