620 
mixture of the tart and sweet, and is no less salutary than plea- 
sant, for which reason in hot climates, with the sweet orange, it 
is given in any quantity to those who are afflicted with fevers, 
either of the putrid or inflammatory kind. The dried bark is 
ised with success in dysentery and tenesmus, and an infu- 
sion of it is esteemed a good gargle for a sore mouth, or ulcers 
in the throat. The Chinese dyers use the bark for the ground 
or basis of a black colour, in order to fix it the firmer. Man- 
gostama or Magostana is the Malay name of the tree. 
Mangostan Garcinia. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 feet. 
2 G. co’rnea (Lin. syst. 368.) leaves oblong-elliptic, emar- 
ginate; flowers solitary and umbellate, lateral and terminal, 
drooping ; stigma entire; berry the form of a plum. h.S, 
Native of the East Indies in the high remote mountains of Am- 
boyna.—Rumph. amb. 3. p. 55. t. 30. The trunk of this tree is 
very lofty, but not very thick ; it is covered with a black bark, 
The branches extend wide, and divide into many short branches, 
which have a pair of leaves at each joint; these are large, from 
11 to 15 inches long, and 4 broad, but on old trees shorter, 
smooth, firm, and shining. The flower rises between the upper 
leaves, drooping, having the form of a small rose, of a yellow 
colour. Fruit the size of a plum, crowned by the entire stigma, 
which appears like a wart. It is of a dusky-brown or smoky 
colour on the outside, and within it has a mucous pulp, in which 
lie a few seeds in the shape of a half moon. It has a resinous 
smell when fresh. The wood is heavy and very hard, like horn, 
whence Rumphius names it lignum corneum; it is used for the 
handles of tools, and the young trees in building, the old ones 
being too hard to work. 
Horny-wooded Garcinia. Clt. 1817. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 
3 G. More‘tta (Desrous. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 701.) leaves 
oblong-elliptic, tapering to both ends; panicles terminal and 
lateral; berry small, 4-celled, striated, crowned by a 4-lobed 
stigma. h.S. Native of the East Indies? Mangostana Mo- 
rélla, Geert. fruct. 2. p. 106. t. 105. Flowers yellowish. Fruit 
small, eatable. The name is derived from the morella cherry, 
in allusion to the size and shape of the fruit. Gamboge is also 
obtained from this tree. 
Morella Garcinia. Tree. 
4 G. pepuncuta TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves obovate- 
oblong, rounded at the apex, with strong transverse veins; racemes 
terminal and axillary ; pedicels long; flowers large. h. S. Na- 
tive of the East Indies. 
Long-peduncled Garcinia. Tree 40 feet. 
5 G. Camsdera (Desr. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 701.) leaves elliptic, 
tapering to both ends ; flowers terminal, solitary ; corollas yel- 
lowish ; stigma 8-lobed; berry 8-furrowed. 
Malabar and other parts of the East Indies—Rheed. mal. 1. p. 
41. t. 42. Mangostana Cambogia, Geert. fruct. 2. p. 106. t. 105. 
Cambogia Gitta, Lin. spec. 728. Blackw. t. 392. Cambodgia, 
Lewis, mat. med. 289. This is a tall tree, with a trunk as thick 
as two men can compass, with spreading, opposite branches. 
The leaves are 5 inches long, and half that in breadth. The 
flowers, according to Rheede, are axillary and sessile, of a saf- 
fron colour, Fruit about 2 inches in diameter, drooping, on 
peduncles an inch in length; the rind is thin, smooth, and yel- 
lowish; the pulp is yellow, succulent, sweet, and eatable. Ac- 
cording to Rheede, the fruit is first green, then yellowish, and 
when ripe whitish. It is very common about Siam and Cam- 
bodia, where incisions are made in the bark, and a great quan- 
tity of gummi-guttz or gamboge is extracted, and exported into 
foreign countries. This concrete is a gum-resin, in part in- 
flammable, compact, dry, inclining to orange-colour, without 
smell, and almost without taste, producing, however, a slight 
sensation of acrimony in the throat. A greater quantity of it is 
dissolved in spirits of wine than in water, to which it imparts a 
GUTTIFERZE. XI. Garcinia. 
h.S. Native of . 
XII, STALAGMITIS. 
lemon-colour, It is used medicinally in the east, as a purgative, 
hydrogogue, and emetic, particularly in dropsies and worm cases. 
It is said to lose the latter quality when dissolved in vinegar. 
The principal use of gamboge is in painting in miniature and 
water-colours. The fruit is eaten at meals in the East Indies, 
and being much esteemed for provoking the appetite, is a fre- 
quent ingredient in their sauces. The name Cambogia is derived 
from the province of Camboja or Cambodge, because it comes 
from that country. 
Gamboge Garcinia. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet. 
Cult. The species of this interesting genus deserve to be 
cultivated in every collection of stove plants. A light loamy soil, 
mixed with a little peat, will suit them well. Ripened cuttings 
will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. All the 
species require a strong heat to thrive well. 
XII. STALA’GMITIS (from orafw, stazo, to run out; be- 
cause the trees exude a yellow resinous juice when cut). Murr. 
comm. geet. 9. p. 175.—Xanthochymus, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 51.— 
Brindonia, Pet. Th. dict. scien. nat. 5. p. 339. 
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polydndria.* Calyx bractless, of 4-5 
(f. 104. a.) permanent, unequal sepals. Petals 4-5 (f. 104. b.), 
deciduous. Male flower with a fleshy, 4-5-8-lobed receptacle, 
bearing numerous imperfect anthers. Stamens monadelphous or 
disposed in 4-5-8 (f. 104. c.) bundles. Anthers didymous, small, 
2-celled, bursting at the sides, with a small rudiment of a pistil. 
Hermaphrodite flowers with a receptacle, as in the male flowers 
(£. 104. c.), and the stamens disposed in 4-5 (f. 104. c.) -8 bundles. 
Style short, crowned by a 4-5 (f. 104. e.) -8-lobed stigma. 
Fruit crowned by the permanent stigma, fleshy (f. 104. f.), 3- 
8-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds large, thick.—Trees with axil- 
lary or lateral, usually fascicled or umbellate flowers, rarely race- 
mose, male or hermaphrodite in the same, or in different in- 
dividuals. Branches tetragonal. 
Secr. I. Xanruocuy'mus (čavbog, xanthos, yellow, and xupoc, 
chymos, juice). Flowers hermaphrodite, Stamens disposed in 5 
bundles. 
1 S. picrérius (Roxb. cor. 2. 
p- 51. t. 196. under Xanthochy- 
mus,) leaves lanceolate, acuminat- 
ed; petioles wrinkled; fruit 1-4- 
seeded. h. S. Native of the 
East Indies in valleys among the 
Circar mountains. X. tinctorius, 
D. C. prod. 1. p. 562. This is a 
large tree, with rather large, white 
flowers, and yellow fruit, like those 
of the orange; they are very in- 
viting to the eye, and not inferior 
to many apples, and are eaten by 
the natives. They could be much 
ameliorated by culture. The fruit 
when full grown, but not ripe, 
yields a quantity of yellow, resinous, 
acrid gum like gamboge, of the 
consistence of rich cream. It makes a pretty good water-colour, 
either by itself as a yellow, or in mixture with other colours to 
form green. It is imperfectly soluble in spirits, and still less so 
in water; alkaline salt enables the water to dissolve more of the 
gum. 
Painters’ Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet. 
2 S. pu’tcis (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 270. under Xanthochymus,) 
leaves ovate-oblong, lanceolate, acuminated ; pedicels numerous, 
aggregate, lateral; fruit 5-seeded. h.S. Native of the Mo- 
luccas. Fruit sweet and esculent. Stamens in 5 bundles. 
Sweet-fruited Stalagmitis. Clt, 1820, Tree, 
FIG. 104. 
