622 
Tron-wooded Mesua. FI. July, Aug. Tree 40 feet. 
2 M. speciosa (Chois. mss. D.C. prod. 1. p. 562.) leaves 
linear-lanceolate, rather acute, long; flowers hardly stalked ; 
petals rounded, regular; mature nut 4-seeded. h.S. Native 
of the East Indies. Rheed. mal. 3. p. 63. t.53. Rheede says 
this tree is much cultivated in Malabar for the odour and beauty 
of its flowers; they are about the size and shape of those of 
the sweet-brier, but with only 4 white petals ; when dry they 
are mixed with other aromatics, such as the white sandal- 
wood, and used for perfuming ointment. The fruit is reddish, 
and wrinkled when ripe, with a rind like that of the chesnut, 
containing 3 or 4 seeds the size, shape, substance and taste of the 
chesnut. The tree bears fruit in 6 years from the nut, and 
continues to bear during three centuries. It is planted near 
houses, and affords an excellent shade. The bark, wood, and 
roots are bitter, and sweet-scented. 
Shewy-flowered Mesua, Fl. July, Aug. Tree 50 feet. 
Cult. These trees bear very shewy flowers ; they are there- 
fore worth cultivating in every collection of stove plants. They 
will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened 
cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. 
XIV. CALOPHY’LLUM (from xcaXoc, calos, beautiful, and 
guddor, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are large, of a beautiful green, 
and elegantly veined). Lin. gen. no. 658. Juss. gen, p. 258. D. C. 
prod. 1. p. 562. Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 427. t. 11. C. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless, of 2-4, 
unequal, coloured sepals. Petals 4, rarely 2, opposite the sepals. 
Stamens indefinite, rarely definite, free or connected at the base ; 
filaments short; anthers inserted by their base, 2-celled, burst- 
ing lengthwise. Style twisted, crowned by a large, capitate 
stigma, which is usually lobed. Fruit drupaceous, globose or 
egg-shaped, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seeds large, globose or egg- 
shaped.—Trees with the leaves furnished with numerous trans- 
verse, parallel nerves. Flowers disposed in axillary racemes, 
and panicles polygamous or hermaphrodite. 
§ 1. Calyx of 4 sepals. 
1 C. parvrrérium (Chois. in act. soc. nat. par. 1. p. 229.) 
leaves cordate-ovate, bluntish, on short stalks, smooth, veined ; 
branches twisted ; panicles loose, few-flowered. h.S. Native 
of the Moluccas. 
Small-leaved Calophyllum. Tree. 
2 C. 1NoPnyY'LLUM (Lin. spec. 732.) leaves oblong or obovate, 
obtuse, but usually emarginate ; branches round ; flowers loosely 
racemose ; racemes axillary ; peduncles 1-flowered, usually op- 
posite. h.S. Native of the East Indies.—Rumph. amb. 2. 
p. 211. t. 71.—Rheede, mal. 4. p. 79. t. 38. —Burm. zeyl. t. 130. 
t. 60.—This is a large tree, with snow-white flowers. Fruit 
when ripe reddish, the size of a walnut, under a fleshy bark and 
a woody shell, having a very oily nut, which is bitter, and yields 
a yellow resinous juice. It is a tree about 90 feet in height, and 
12 in thickness, with the younger branches when ripe of a red- 
dish colour, and when wounded exudes a yellowish, bitter juice, 
frequently hardening to a gum. The nut of the fruit is at first 
sweet, but afterwards very bitter. The tree is common in 
Malabar in sandy soils, and bears fruit twice a year, in March 
and September, frequently to the age of three hundred years. 
An oil is expressed from the nuts to burn in lamps, to assuage 
pain, and to make ointments. The bark and gum are also used 
for medical purposes. In Java they plant this tree about their 
houses for the elegance of the shade, and the sweetness of the 
flowers. 
Fibrous-leaved Calophyllum. Clt. 1793. Tree 90 feet. 
3 C. TETRAPE TALUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) leaves ovate 
Ns 
GUTTIFERÆ. XIII. 
Mesva. XIV. CALOPHYLLUM. 
or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminated; racemes axillary, 
short, corymbose, 2-3 together. k.S. Native of the East 
Indies. 
Four-petalled Calophyllum. Tree 60 feet. 
4 Tacamana'ca (Willd. berl. mag. 1811. p. 79.) leaves ovate- 
elliptical, acutish, rarely emarginate ; branches round ; flowers 
loosely racemose; racemes axillary; peduncles- 1-flowered, 
usually opposite. k.S. Native of the islands of Bourbon and 
Madagascar. C. inophyllum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 552.—Pluk. alm. 
41. t. 147. f. 3. Flowers white. . 
Tacamahaca Calophyllum. Clt. 1822. Tree 60 feet. 
'5 C. specra’site (Willd. mag. berl. 1811. p. 99.) leaves 
elliptical-lanceolate or rarely ovate-elliptical, usually acute at 
both ends; flowers in loose, short, axillary racemes; peduncles 
1-flowered. h.S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauri- 
tius. C. acuminàtum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 553.—Rumph. amb. 2. 
p. 218. t. 72. C. Soulatri, Burm. ind. p. 121. Petals yellow or 
white. This tree is very commonly cultivated in Amboyna for 
its shewy, yellow blossoms. The nuts are eatable. The bark 
is manufactured into ropes. In fact, it possesses all the qualities 
of C. inophillum. 
Sheny Calophyllum. Clt. 1820. Tree 90 feet. 
§ 2. Calyx of 2 sepals. 
6 C. Ca’taza (Jacq. amer. p. 269. t. 165.) leaves obovate or 
oblong, obtuse or emarginate ; flowers hermaphrodite or male ; 
racemes lateral, very short. h .S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. 
Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit green, with little pulp, 
and that hardish, involving a smooth, yellowish, ash-coloured 
nut, in which is a white, solid kernel. It is not eaten, but the 
Caribbees express an oil from it for domestic uses, as for burn- 
ing in lamps. Browne says, that the wood is pretty good tim- 
ber, but does not bear the weather well, and that it is frequently 
used for staves and cask headings. The tree is called Calaba 
both by the Caribbees and the French. 
Calaba Calophyllum. Clt. 1780. Tree 60 feet. 
7 C. Maprv'no (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 202.) 
leaves oblong, acute at both ends; peduncles few-flowered ; 
capsules large, usually 2-seeded. kh. S. Native of South 
America in the kingdom of New Granada, where it is called 
Madrunno. 
Madrunno Calophyllum. Tree. 
8 C. Carasor pes; leaves wedge-shaped, preemorsely-emar- 
ginate; racemes axillary, about the length of the leaves ; sepals 
2. h.S. Native of the East Indies. C. Cálaba, Roxb. but 
not of Jacq. 
Calaba-like Calophyllum. Tree 50 feet. 
9 C. Brasitie’yse (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 320. t. 67.) leaves 
elliptic or obovate; cymes shorter than the leaves; calyx 2- 
leaved ; petals usually 2; stamens few. h.S. Native of Brazil. 
Petals white. i 
Brazilian Calophyllum. Tree 60 feet. 
§ 3. Calyx wanting ? 
10 C. spu'nium (Chois. mss. D.C. prod. 1. p. 563.) leaves 
ovate, obtuse; peduncles elongated. h. S. Native of the 
East Indies. C. Calaba, Lin. spec. 723. C. apétalum, Willd. 
mag. berl. 1811. p. 79.—Rheed. mal. 4. p. 81. t. 39. Rheede 
says the wood of this tree is very hard and of a reddish colour. 
The fruit when ripe is of a red colour; in taste sweet, mix¢ 
with acid; in shape, size, and colour, not unlike our cornelian 
cherry. It is eaten by the natives of Malabar, and an oil is ex- 
pressed from it for lamps. The petals are yellow. . 
Spurious Calophyllum. Clt. 1780. Tree 60 feet. 
+ Species very little known. 
11 C, ronerroni™ (Willd. berl. mag, 1811. p- 80.) leaves 
