686 MELIACEZH. XX. Carapa. XXI. CALPANDRIA. 
panicled, axillary ; fruit tetragonal, 4-valved, 4-seeded. h.S. 
Native of Sierra Leone on. the mountains. Afzélia spléndens, 
Hortul. Fruit about the size of an apple, containing 3 or 4 
large, angular nuts. There is an oil extracted from the nuts, 
which is used by some of the natives in place of soap, as well as 
for the purpose of anointing their bodies. 
Guinea Carapa. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1793. Tree 30 feet. 
4 C.? procera (D.C. prod. 1. p. 626.) leaflets 4-5 pairs, 
obtuse, cuneated at the base; flowers of 5 petals, decandrous. 
h. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Trichilia procera, 
Forsyth, ined. in herb. Lher. Fruit unknown. 
Lofty Carapa. Tree 66 feet. 
5 C. Motucce’nsis (Lam. dict. 1. p. 621.) leaflets usually 3 
pairs, opposite, ovate, acute. h.S. Native of the Moluccas 
in muddy places among the mangroves. Granatum littoreum, 
Rumph. amb. 3. p. 92. t. 61. C. Indica, Juss. dict. se. nat. 7. 
p. 31. Xylocdérpus Granatum, Koen. naturf. 20. p. 2. The 
tree is called Cadul Gaha by the Cingalese, and Candalanga by 
the Tamuls. 
Molucca Carapa. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. 
Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and 
sand, and ripe cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand- 
glass, in a moist heat. 
XXI. CALPA’NDRIA (from cadzn, calpe, an urn, and avnp 
avépoc, aner andros, a male; in allusion to the stamens being 
situated in the throat of the urn-shaped tube). Blum. bijdr. 4th 
number. 
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polydéndria. Calyx of 4 permanent, 
unequal sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 25-40, filaments distinct at 
the base, but joined into a cylindrical tube at the top, bearing the 
anthers at its throat. Ovary 3-4-celled; cells 3-ovulate. Stigma 
somewhat trifid. Capsule woody, subglobose, 8-valved, 3- 
celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve; cells con- 
taining 1-2 nuts from abortion. Nuts of 2 forms, 1-seeded. 
Seeds exalbuminous, exarillate—A shrub with simple, lanceo- 
late, serrated leaves, and solitary, or twin lateral flowers. 
1 A. ranceora‘ta (Blum. l.c.) h.S. Native of Java. 
Lanceolate-leaved Calpandria. Shrub 6 feet. 
Cult. This shrub will probably grow in a mixture of loam 
and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- 
glass, in heat. 
XXII. ODONTA’/NDRIA (from odove odovroc, odous odontos, 
a tooth, and aynp avòpoc, aner andros, a male; sterile stamens 
appearing like teeth), H.B. et Kunth, 7. p. 228. 
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decéndria. Calyx hemispherical, 
5-toothed. Petals 5, sessile, ovate, acute, equal, valvate in the 
bud. Filaments 10, connate at the base, the 5 opposite the 
petals sterile. Anthers ovate-cordate, 2-celled, bursting length- 
wise on the inside, Disk none. Style short, crowned by an 
obtuse stigma.—An unarmed tree, with alternate, simple, entire, 
membranous, exstipulate leaves, and axillary, many-flowered pa- 
nicles. Flowers conglomerate. 
1 O. acumina‘ta (Willd. herb. in Rom et 
511.) k.S. Native of New Granada. 
Acuminated-leaved Odontandria. Tree 30 feet. 
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree well, 
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in 
reat. 
Schult, syst. 5. p. 
Orver LII. CEDRELEA'CE& (plants agreeing with Ce- 
dréla in important characters). Cedrélew, R. Br. gen. rem. 64, 
Calyx short, 5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Petals 5 (f. 116. b.), alter- 
nating with the segments of the calyx, and łonger, erect, with 
XXII. OpoxrtaxnprIA. CEDRELEACEÆ. 
I. CEDRELA. 
a longitudinal plait on the inside of each in the middle. Genitals 
stipitate ; stipe furnished with 5 adnate glands, 5-angled, and 
between the glands the plaits of the petals interpose. Stamens 
5, inserted in the stipe, and appear asif they were a continua- 
tion of the glands ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers cordate, 2- 
celled, at length versatile. Style prismatically pentagonal, 
crowned by a peltate stigma (f. 116. c.), which is obsoletely 
pentagonal. Ovary seated on the stipe, 5-celled ; cells altern- 
ating with the stamens, containing 8 or 12 ovule. Dissepiments 
connected with the central axis, with imbricate ovulz inserted 
on both sides of it. Fruit capsular (f. 116. e.), 5-valved; valves 
separable from the axis, and sometimes also the dissepiments, 
which alternate with the valves. Seeds suspended from the cen- 
tral placenta, with 2 rows in each cell imbricate, drawn out into 
a wing at the base or apex (f. 116. f.) or at both ends. Albumen 
fleshy, sparing. Integument thin, spongy. Embryo nearly erect, 
with leafy cotyledons, and a short, exserted, superior radicle.— 
Trees with dense, beautifully grained, coloured, sweet-scented 
wood. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with many pairs of opposite or 
sub-opposite, unequal-sided leaflets. Panicle large, spreading, 
pyramidal, composed of numerous little cymes of flowers, with 
the lateral ones usually male, the terminal ones fertile. This 
order differs principally in the stamens being inserted in the torus 
or protruding from the back of the urceolus, rarely fixed to the 
throat of the tube, asin Swietènia. It also differs from the last 
order in the seeds being winged. The trees are of great value 
for their wood, of which mahogany will give a good idea. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
1 Cepre‘ta. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals adnate to the torus. 
Stamens 5, distinct. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds nu- 
merous, on each side of the dissepiment, ending ina wing. __ 
2 Swiere'nia. Calyx 4-5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Stamens 8-10, 
joined into a tube. Capsule 5-celled (f. 116. e.), 5-valved. 
Seeds numerous, each drawn out into a wing (f. 116. f-). 
3 Cutoro’xyton. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, connected at 
the base. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. Seeds 4 in each side 
of the dissepiment, drawn out into a wing. 
4 Frinpr’rsia. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, alternate ones 
sterile. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 2 in each side of 
the dissepiment, ending in a wing at the top. 
5 Oxrr'ya. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 3, on each 
side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing at both ends. 
the wood has 
I. CEDRE'LA (from cedrus, the cedar-tree ; 
D. C. prod. 1. 
an aromatic scent like it). Lin. gen. no. 277. 
p. 624. Cèdrus, Mill. d 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed. 
Torus elevated, stipe-formed. Petals 5, broad at the base, 
approximate, adnate to the torus. Stamens 5 ; filaments short, 
distinct, inserted in the torus; anthers oblong. Style ds 
Stigma capitate. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved. €? a 
numerous, compressed, imbricated downwards, ending "Co- 
membranous wing. Albumen fleshy. Embryo inverted. ‘th 
tyledons flat, leafy (Geert. fr. 2. p. 84. te 95.). Trees va 
abruptly pinnate, many-paired leaves, and axillary and ter™ 
panicles of small whitish flowers. 
